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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-bromo-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-5-methoxybenzamide 1372167-70-8 C18H17BrN2O5S
    2-bromo-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-5-methoxybenzamide
    —— 2-bromo-N'-[(1Z)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-5-methoxybenzohydrazide 1372167-86-6 C16H15BrN2O4
    2-bromo-N'-[(1Z)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-5-methoxybenzohydrazide
    —— 4-((phenylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol 93445-12-6 C13H11NO2
    4-((phenylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1,3-Benzenediol, 4-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]- 141875-36-7 C15H15NO2
    1,3-Benzenediol, 4-[[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]-
    —— 1400584-04-4 C20H20N2O2S
    —— 1400583-97-2 C20H20N2O2S
    —— 4-bromo-2,3,6-trifluorophenol 192446-70-1 C6H2BrF3O
    4-bromo-2,3,6-trifluorophenol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-{1-[(E)-p-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol 105533-44-6 C15H14ClNO
    4-Chloro-2-{1-[(E)-p-tolylimino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— Cambridge id 5429409 416896-93-0 C13H22N2O2
    Cambridge id 5429409
    —— syn-4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-5-triethylsilyl-2-[2.2]paracyclophanecarboxamide 360049-45-2 C29H43NO2Si
    syn-4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyl-5-triethylsilyl-2-[2.2]paracyclophanecarboxamide
    —— 4-chloro-2-{(E)-[(3-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol 5278-80-8 C13H9Cl2NO
    4-chloro-2-{(E)-[(3-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol
    —— 5-hydroxy-4-methoxymethyleneoxy[2.2]paracyclophane 588717-64-0 C18H20O3
    5-hydroxy-4-methoxymethyleneoxy[2.2]paracyclophane
    —— 2-bromo-4-t-butyl-6-methoxyphenol 21237-43-4 C11H15BrO2
    2-bromo-4-t-butyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 7-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane-4-carbaldehyde 874566-75-3 C17H16O2
    7-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane-4-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-((2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylidene)-amino)-benzonitrile 5265-04-3 C14H9N3O3
    4-((2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylidene)-amino)-benzonitrile
    —— 3-bromo-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide 300358-17-2 C15H13BrN2O3
    3-bromo-N'-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— 5-Methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzylidene)amino]phenol 303761-91-3 C15H15NO
    5-Methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzylidene)amino]phenol
    —— 3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)amino]benzamide 5322-30-5 C14H11N3O4
    3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)amino]benzamide
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-α,α-bis-(trifluormethyl)-p-kresol 16867-77-9 C11H10F6O
    2,6-Dimethyl-α,α-bis-(trifluormethyl)-p-kresol
    —— 1-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-4-nitrobenzene 151252-61-8 C6H4BrNO4
    1-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-4-nitrobenzene
    —— (E)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxypropiophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime 1072708-50-9 C17H18N2O5
    (E)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxypropiophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime
    —— [(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl-methylene]-malononitrile 3411-86-7 C14H13N3O2
    [(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-morpholin-4-yl-methylene]-malononitrile
    —— 2-Propen-1-one, 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(1-piperidinyl)-, (E)- 80031-00-1 C15H19NO2
    2-Propen-1-one, 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(1-piperidinyl)-, (E)-
    —— 2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-6-methylphenol 113397-94-7 C7H4F4O
    2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-6-methylphenol
    —— 3-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)phenol 161611-53-6 C8H7F3O
    3-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-benzothiophen-3(2H)-one 5659-88-1 C17H14O4S
    2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-benzothiophen-3(2H)-one
    —— 2-[[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)imino]methyl]-phenol 477878-35-6 C11H11N3O
    2-[[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)imino]methyl]-phenol
    —— (4e)-4-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione 5617-08-3 C17H14N2O4
    (4e)-4-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 4-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 5473-57-4 C13H10ClNO2
    4-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 2-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methylphenol 416885-38-6 C14H12ClNO2
    2-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methylphenol
    —— tert-butyl 2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)propionate 948573-83-9 C14H20O4
    tert-butyl 2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)propionate
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methylphenol 5486-02-2 C15H15NO2
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]-6-methylphenol
    —— 2,9-DIMETHYL-2,9-DIMERCAPTO-5-(2-HYDROXYPHENYL)-4,7-DIAZADECANE 96929-53-2 C16H28N2OS2
    2,9-DIMETHYL-2,9-DIMERCAPTO-5-(2-HYDROXYPHENYL)-4,7-DIAZADECANE
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-thienyl)-2-propen-1-one 118761-30-1 C13H9NO4S
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-(3-thienyl)-2-propen-1-one
    —— N-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Hydroxybenzylidene)Aniline 58606-44-3 C15H15NO3
    N-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Hydroxybenzylidene)Aniline
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitroacetophenon-oxim 87974-52-5 C8H8N2O4
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitroacetophenon-oxim
    —— 2-{1-[(E)-4-Bromo-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-chloro-phenol 105533-45-7 C14H11BrClNO
    2-{1-[(E)-4-Bromo-phenylimino]-ethyl}-4-chloro-phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-ω-thiophenylideneacetophenone 76988-07-3 C13H9NO4S
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-ω-thiophenylideneacetophenone
    —— 2-((diethylamino)methyl)benzene-1,4-diol 2610-38-0 C11H17NO2
    2-((diethylamino)methyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 5-[1-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 99761-82-7 C15H15NO4
    5-[1-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-2-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone ethylene hemithioketal 136257-92-6 C11H14O3S
    2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone ethylene hemithioketal
    —— sinapyl acetate 94930-90-2 C13H16O5
    sinapyl acetate
    —— 4,4'-(dibutylsilanediyl)bis(2-methylphenol) 1446215-31-1 C22H32O2Si
    4,4'-(dibutylsilanediyl)bis(2-methylphenol)
    —— 4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-6-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-indazol-3-one 101986-23-6 C21H18N2O5
    4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-6-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-2,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-indazol-3-one
    —— normetanephrine 2282-54-4 C10H15NO3
    normetanephrine
    —— 2-(Tert-butyliminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 215232-64-7 C11H14N2O3
    2-(Tert-butyliminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-chloro-2,4,6-trimethyl-resorcinol 137324-48-2 C9H11ClO2
    5-chloro-2,4,6-trimethyl-resorcinol
    —— 2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-octyl-benzol 21182-62-7 C15H24O2
    2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methyl-octyl-benzol
    —— 5-Hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-thion 7735-70-8 C7H4O2S2
    5-Hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-thion
    —— 2-{[(E)-2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol 90284-75-6 C15H14N2O5
    2-{[(E)-2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol