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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-[8-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pentadecyl]phenol 96712-09-3 C27H40O2
    3-[8-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pentadecyl]phenol
    —— cardbisphenol 113494-64-7 C27H40O2
    cardbisphenol
    —— 2,6-Dichlorovanillin 108545-01-3 C8H6Cl2O3
    2,6-Dichlorovanillin
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-phenyl-furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione 487-33-2 C18H10O5
    3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-phenyl-furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione
    —— 2-amino-4,6-bis-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1,3,3-tricarbonitrile 1228031-37-5 C23H19N5O6
    2-amino-4,6-bis-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1,3,3-tricarbonitrile
    —— 4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-aethylphenol 53346-76-2 C10H13ClO
    4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-aethylphenol
    —— Calcium;2-dodecylphenol;formaldehyde;methanamine;sulfane;dihydroxide —— C20H41CaNO4S
    Calcium;2-dodecylphenol;formaldehyde;methanamine;sulfane;dihydroxide
    —— 2,5,6-Trifluor-4-nitroresorcinol 31438-88-7 C6H2F3NO4
    2,5,6-Trifluor-4-nitroresorcinol
    —— Ethyl 4-cyano-5-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate 1426384-42-0 C17H17NO5S2
    Ethyl 4-cyano-5-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate
    —— (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(4-methyl-pyrazolyl)methane 1401660-69-2 C15H16N4O
    (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(4-methyl-pyrazolyl)methane
    —— 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 61712-36-5 C8H9BrN2O5S
    3-bromo-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— N-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propanamide 1613391-33-5 C16H16ClNO3
    N-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propanamide
    —— (5R)-5-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 136719-36-3 C15H21NO3
    (5R)-5-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— (2R,4R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-decanolide 134282-60-3 C16H22O3
    (2R,4R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-decanolide
    —— 2-Nitro-4-piperidin-1-ylsulfonylphenol 1097090-32-8 C11H14N2O5S
    2-Nitro-4-piperidin-1-ylsulfonylphenol
    —— 2-<(α-Methyl-benzyl)-aminomethyl>-hydrochinon 94026-89-8 C15H17NO2
    2-<(α-Methyl-benzyl)-aminomethyl>-hydrochinon
    —— 4,5-dihydro-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4(R)-phenyloxazole 174770-67-3 C15H13NO2
    4,5-dihydro-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4(R)-phenyloxazole
    —— 2-sec-Butylaminomethyl-hydrochinon 91340-13-5 C11H17NO2
    2-sec-Butylaminomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— 2-Isopropylaminomethyl-hydrochinon 91252-14-1 C10H15NO2
    2-Isopropylaminomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— 2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-methylphenol 205448-40-4 C7H7FO2
    2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-Cyclohexylaminomethyl-hydrochinon 7248-54-6 C13H19NO2
    2-Cyclohexylaminomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol hemipiperazinium salt 67423-45-4 C22H34N2O8
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol hemipiperazinium salt
    —— 4-N-methyleneaminophenol 62627-89-8 C7H7NO
    4-N-methyleneaminophenol
    —— ethyl diethoxymethyl(2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphinate 164532-01-8 C13H21O5P
    ethyl diethoxymethyl(2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphinate
    —— 3-hydroxy-N-Boc,N-methylphenethylamine 132513-31-6 C14H21NO3
    3-hydroxy-N-Boc,N-methylphenethylamine
    —— 3-Bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 85819-61-0 C8H7BrO4
    3-Bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 3-chloromethyl-4-methoxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol 41145-19-1 C11H15ClO2
    3-chloromethyl-4-methoxy-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile 23941-88-0 C9H9NO
    3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile
    —— 2-[4-[(3-chloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 1179820-92-8 C29H26ClN3O3
    2-[4-[(3-chloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (5-Azaniumyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azanium;dichloride —— C6H10Cl2N2O2
    (5-Azaniumyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)azanium;dichloride
    —— 2-[Di(pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol 1033766-42-5 C13H12N4O2
    2-[Di(pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2,5-Bis[di(pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol 1033766-46-9 C20H18N8O2
    2,5-Bis[di(pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— sodium;4-nitrophenolate;dihydrate —— C6H8NNaO5
    sodium;4-nitrophenolate;dihydrate
    —— 2-Isopropyl-4-methoxy-5-(methylsulfonyl)phenol 1145716-47-7 C11H16O4S
    2-Isopropyl-4-methoxy-5-(methylsulfonyl)phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<4-hydroxy-phenylimin> 33630-11-4 C13H11NO2
    3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyd-<4-hydroxy-phenylimin>
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 1097214-23-7 C14H13N3O2S
    2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 2-(2-bromophenylthiomethoxy)-4-nitrophenol 158719-75-6 C13H10BrNO4S
    2-(2-bromophenylthiomethoxy)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-methylphenol 53346-75-1 C9H11ClO
    4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-methylphenol
    —— 4-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-4-yl)phenol hydrochloride 94427-30-2 C11H13NO*ClH
    4-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-4-yl)phenol hydrochloride
    —— 2,2'-(3,6-dihydroxy-1,2-phenylene)bis(5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane-2-oxide) 1384457-28-6 C16H24O8P2
    2,2'-(3,6-dihydroxy-1,2-phenylene)bis(5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane-2-oxide)
    —— 5-nitrosalicylaldene-4-phenolaniline 76083-89-1 C13H10N2O4
    5-nitrosalicylaldene-4-phenolaniline
    —— 4-cyclohexylmethyl-resorcinol 856079-37-3 C13H18O2
    4-cyclohexylmethyl-resorcinol
    —— 4-cyclopentylmethyl-resorcinol 856079-35-1 C12H16O2
    4-cyclopentylmethyl-resorcinol
    —— 4-(2-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-resorcinol 500334-21-4 C14H20O2
    4-(2-cyclohexyl-ethyl)-resorcinol
    —— 2-((E)-(4-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol 76083-91-5 C13H10BrNO2
    2-((E)-(4-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol
    —— 2-[Bis(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]-6-nitrophenol 6550-69-2 C17H15NO5
    2-[Bis(5-methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]-6-nitrophenol
    —— S-(2-phenylethyl)thiouronium picrate —— C15H15N5O7S
    S-(2-phenylethyl)thiouronium picrate
    —— 4-(2-piperonylamino-ethyl)-pyrocatechol; hydrochloride 56114-10-4 C16H17NO4*ClH
    4-(2-piperonylamino-ethyl)-pyrocatechol; hydrochloride
    —— isobutyraldehyde-(4-hydroxy-phenylimine) 2830-61-7 C10H13NO
    isobutyraldehyde-(4-hydroxy-phenylimine)
    —— 4-Butylsulfanylbenzene-1,2-diol 54826-83-4 C10H14O2S
    4-Butylsulfanylbenzene-1,2-diol