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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(Ethylideneamino)phenol 876486-75-8 C8H9NO
    4-(Ethylideneamino)phenol
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(6-fluoropyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione 1379032-11-7 C15H8BrFN2O4
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(6-fluoropyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione
    —— 2,5-Diethylhydrochinon 66146-32-5 C10H14O2
    2,5-Diethylhydrochinon
    —— 3,4-dimethyl-5-ethylphenol 62126-75-4 C10H14O
    3,4-dimethyl-5-ethylphenol
    —— 5-(1-propenyl)guaiacol 41243-66-7 C10H12O2
    5-(1-propenyl)guaiacol
    —— N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-benzyl)ethylenediamine 1192836-54-6 C22H32N2O4
    N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-benzyl)ethylenediamine
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-benzodioxole 1219118-25-8 C16H16O4
    1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-benzodioxole
    —— 5-(2-aminoethyl)-3,6-dimethylbenzene-1,2,4-triol 64632-44-6 C10H15NO3
    5-(2-aminoethyl)-3,6-dimethylbenzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenylthioacetamide 628339-24-2 C14H21NO3S
    N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenylthioacetamide
    —— 5-(2-amino-ethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-benzene-1,2,4-triol; hydrobromide 60059-12-3 BrH*C10H15NO3
    5-(2-amino-ethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-benzene-1,2,4-triol; hydrobromide
    —— 4-nitro-2-(trimethylsilyl)phenol 1107604-31-8 C9H13NO3Si
    4-nitro-2-(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— tert-Butyl (E)-2-((4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-oxo-4-decenoate 145822-71-5 C22H32O5
    tert-Butyl (E)-2-((4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-3-oxo-4-decenoate
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-methoxybenzodioxole 1219118-23-6 C16H16O5
    1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-methoxybenzodioxole
    —— 2-Aminomethyl-6-methoxy-4-methyl-phenol; hydrochloride 52780-63-9 C9H13NO2*ClH
    2-Aminomethyl-6-methoxy-4-methyl-phenol; hydrochloride
    —— 5-chlorocreosol 18268-80-9 C8H9ClO2
    5-chlorocreosol
    —— 2-Allyl-3-chlorphenol 58621-35-5 C9H9ClO
    2-Allyl-3-chlorphenol
    —— 6-Iodo-2,4,5-trichlorophenol 35020-03-2 C6H2Cl3IO
    6-Iodo-2,4,5-trichlorophenol
    —— 4-(N-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2-methoxyanilino)butanoic acid 1034888-22-6 C13H19NO4
    4-(N-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2-methoxyanilino)butanoic acid
    —— methyl 4(ethyl(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)amino)butanoate 1034888-24-8 C14H21NO4
    methyl 4(ethyl(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)amino)butanoate
    —— 2.4-dinitro-3-phenyl-phenol 28174-58-5 C12H8N2O5
    2.4-dinitro-3-phenyl-phenol
    —— N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-N'-hexylthiourea 383423-36-7 C14H22N2O2S
    N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-N'-hexylthiourea
    —— 5-methoxy-2-sorbylphenol 57309-79-2 C13H14O3
    5-methoxy-2-sorbylphenol
    —— 5,17-di-tert-butyl-11,23-diformylcalix[4]arene-25,26,27,28-tetrol 266340-39-0 C38H40O6
    5,17-di-tert-butyl-11,23-diformylcalix[4]arene-25,26,27,28-tetrol
    —— bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)amine 633700-32-0 C14H15NO4
    bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)amine
    —— 4,6-diallyl-benzene-1,3-diol 71449-74-6 C12H14O2
    4,6-diallyl-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,5-Dibromtrifluorphenol 5510-39-4 C6HBr2F3O
    2,5-Dibromtrifluorphenol
    —— 2-(nitromethyl)-4-nitrophenol 36363-18-5 C7H6N2O5
    2-(nitromethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-Nitro-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-propane-1,3-diol 36363-19-6 C9H10N2O7
    2-Nitro-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-propane-1,3-diol
    —— 4-(3,4-dicyano-2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid 83575-15-9 C12H10N2O4
    4-(3,4-dicyano-2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid
    —— 2,3-Dibromo-6-methoxyphenol 35488-16-5 C7H6Br2O2
    2,3-Dibromo-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,5-Diallyl-brenzcatechin 91496-10-5 C12H14O2
    3,5-Diallyl-brenzcatechin
    —— 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide 128991-13-9 C17H15N3O3S2
    2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-methyl-N-(3-picolyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate 407583-85-1 C21H31N2O5P
    diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-methyl-N-(3-picolyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate
    —— Methyl-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-butanoat 42604-30-8 C11H14O4
    Methyl-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-butanoat
    —— N<sup>1</sup>-(4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-N<sup>2</sup>-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanimidamide 155447-65-7 C14H9F3N2O2
    N<sup>1</sup>-(4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-N<sup>2</sup>-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanimidamide
    —— 2-(5-(4,5-dibromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)isoxazol-3-yl)phenol 1443231-51-3 C13H8Br2N2O2
    2-(5-(4,5-dibromo-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)isoxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— [(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ureidomethyl]-urea 6345-57-9 C9H12N4O3
    [(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ureidomethyl]-urea
    —— 1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)ethane 85666-11-1 C13H13NO
    1-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)ethane
    —— 4-(1-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 18167-89-0 C17H20O6
    4-(1-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-Dibromo-4-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)phenol 253586-54-8 C8H4Br2N2OS
    2,6-Dibromo-4-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 2,5-Bis-<(benzyl-methyl-amino)-methyl>-hydrochinon 96668-33-6 C24H28N2O2
    2,5-Bis-<(benzyl-methyl-amino)-methyl>-hydrochinon
    —— 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1H-pyridin-4-one hydrochloride 821789-67-7 C13H13NO2*ClH
    1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1H-pyridin-4-one hydrochloride
    —— 2-bromo-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)phenol 360578-04-7 C11H15BrO2
    2-bromo-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)phenol
    —— 1-Methylidene-6-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene 166523-58-6 C16H20O
    1-Methylidene-6-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene
    —— methyl 3-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)Propionate 590417-22-4 C10H10BrClO3
    methyl 3-(3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)Propionate
    —— 3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-sulfanylethyl)propanamide 1356929-98-0 C11H14BrNO2S
    3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-sulfanylethyl)propanamide
    —— 2,4,6-tris-morpholinomethyl-phloroglucinol 112689-24-4 C21H33N3O6
    2,4,6-tris-morpholinomethyl-phloroglucinol
    —— 3-(3-Pyridylmethyl)phenol 85633-33-6 C12H11NO
    3-(3-Pyridylmethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenol 859221-50-4 C16H22O
    2-(3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohex-1-enyl)phenol
    —— (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-phosphonamidic Acid Monoethyl Ester 713115-36-7 C9H13ClNO3P
    (5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-phosphonamidic Acid Monoethyl Ester