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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (E)-1-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-1-decanone oxime 103582-40-7 C17H27NO2
    (E)-1-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-1-decanone oxime
    —— (3-Hydroxyphenyl)(piperidin-1-yl)acetonitrile 7038-28-0 C13H16N2O
    (3-Hydroxyphenyl)(piperidin-1-yl)acetonitrile
    —— 2-Cyclooctyl-phenol 14109-14-9 C14H20O
    2-Cyclooctyl-phenol
    —— 3-trideuteromethoxyphenol 104714-88-7 C7H8O2
    3-trideuteromethoxyphenol
    —— 4-cyclooctylphenol 14109-16-1 C14H20O
    4-cyclooctylphenol
    —— 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,4,6-tri-isopropyl-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine 86774-79-0 C18H27N3O2
    2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,4,6-tri-isopropyl-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine
    —— 1-methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane 156169-89-0 C17H23BrO2
    1-methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane
    —— 2-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(4S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]ethyl]phenol 1053712-83-6 C21H26O6
    2-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(4S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]ethyl]phenol
    —— N-6-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)hexyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide 268544-19-0 C20H32N2O4
    N-6-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)hexyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide
    —— 2-((2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(6-((2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-3-yl)hexyl)acetamide 1146684-86-7 C44H45N5O9S2
    2-((2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(6-((2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-3-yl)hexyl)acetamide
    —— (2Z,5Z)-3-(6-aminohexyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one 1082953-60-3 C24H29N3O4S
    (2Z,5Z)-3-(6-aminohexyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-(phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-succinimidyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate 268544-18-9 C13H13NO5
    N-succinimidyl 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
    —— 5-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-2-(2-methoxymethoxyethyl)benzonitrile 1078723-22-4 C19H21NO4
    5-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-2-(2-methoxymethoxyethyl)benzonitrile
    —— 4-phenylselanyl-pyrocatechol 54826-86-7 C12H10O2Se
    4-phenylselanyl-pyrocatechol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-2-ol 21022-76-4 C10H14O3
    2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-2-ol
    —— 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]-4,6-diiodophenol 21405-36-7 C13H8ClI2NO
    2-[(4-chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]-4,6-diiodophenol
    —— 4.6-dinitro-3-oxy-diphenylamine 116557-09-6 C12H9N3O5
    4.6-dinitro-3-oxy-diphenylamine
    —— 2,4-diiodo-6-(p-tolyliminomethyl)phenol 21405-37-8 C14H11I2NO
    2,4-diiodo-6-(p-tolyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2,4-diiodo-6-phenyliminomethyl-phenol 143159-49-3 C13H9I2NO
    2,4-diiodo-6-phenyliminomethyl-phenol
    —— 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]-4,6-diiodophenol 883030-17-9 C13H8ClI2NO
    2-[(2-chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]-4,6-diiodophenol
    —— 4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphinyl]-4-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]butan-2-one 1354655-18-7 C25H27O4P
    4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)phosphinyl]-4-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]butan-2-one
    —— 3-Pentadeca-8,11-dienyl-brenzkatechin 1081768-70-8 C21H32O2
    3-Pentadeca-8,11-dienyl-brenzkatechin
    —— trimethoxyphenethyl alcohol 99339-44-3 C11H16O4
    trimethoxyphenethyl alcohol
    —— 6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-53-7 C28H36ClN3O5
    6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-11-0 C28H33N5O4
    6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[3-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-71-9 C27H35N3O5
    6-[3-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino]ethoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-65-1 C27H35N3O5
    6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino]ethoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[3-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-74-2 C28H37N3O5
    6-[3-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino]ethoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133177-58-9 C28H37N3O5
    6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino]ethoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-66-2 C28H37N3O5
    6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— (2R)-3-<4-<2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenoxy>-2-hydroxypropylamine 101328-87-4 C15H23NO3
    (2R)-3-<4-<2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenoxy>-2-hydroxypropylamine
    —— 3-<4-<2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenoxy>-2-hydroxypropylamine 111959-18-3 C15H23NO3
    3-<4-<2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenoxy>-2-hydroxypropylamine
    —— 6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]-2-methyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-03-0 C29H37N5O4
    6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]-2-methyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propylsulphonyl]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-14-3 C28H37N3O6S
    6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propylsulphonyl]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]-2-hydroxy-benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-06-3 C28H35N5O5
    6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]-2-hydroxy-benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— (2S)-N-benzyl-3-<4-<2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenoxy>-2-hydroxypropylamine 108587-94-6 C22H29NO3
    (2S)-N-benzyl-3-<4-<2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenoxy>-2-hydroxypropylamine
    —— 2-Nitro-4-octyl-phenol 24777-05-7 C14H21NO3
    2-Nitro-4-octyl-phenol
    —— 2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[(1E)-2-nitroprop-1-en-1-yl]phenol 82040-71-9 C10H10BrNO4
    2-bromo-6-methoxy-4-[(1E)-2-nitroprop-1-en-1-yl]phenol
    —— 2-t-butyl-4-[(diphenylmethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 188579-06-8 C24H28O2Si
    2-t-butyl-4-[(diphenylmethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 3-(p-Hydroxy-phenyl)-Δ2-pyrazolin 28858-23-3 C9H10N2O
    3-(p-Hydroxy-phenyl)-Δ2-pyrazolin
    —— 6-chloro-3-nitro-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)aminophenol 92952-75-5 C8H9ClN2O4
    6-chloro-3-nitro-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)aminophenol
    —— 2-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 6529-91-5 C9H10ClNO3
    2-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— (E)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime 87974-49-0 C7H6ClNO2
    (E)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime
    —— 2-chloro-N-[[3-[[(2-chloroacetyl)amino]methyl]-2-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]acetamide 1335416-25-5 C12H14Cl2N2O3
    2-chloro-N-[[3-[[(2-chloroacetyl)amino]methyl]-2-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]acetamide
    —— ethyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 878695-77-3 C15H17N5O4
    ethyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (Z)-N-[[4-hydroxy-3-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]phenyl]methyl]octadec-9-enamide 1335416-44-8 C29H46N2O3
    (Z)-N-[[4-hydroxy-3-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]phenyl]methyl]octadec-9-enamide
    —— N-Chloracetyl-p-hydroxybenzylamin 52447-43-5 C9H10ClNO2
    N-Chloracetyl-p-hydroxybenzylamin
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-(2,2-dichlorotrifluoroethylthio)phenol 137380-30-4 C8H5Cl2F3O2S
    3-hydroxy-4-(2,2-dichlorotrifluoroethylthio)phenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetaldehyde 347149-87-5 C8H7NO4
    4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetaldehyde
    —— 5-(Difluoromethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-ol 339322-22-4 C10H9F2NO3
    5-(Difluoromethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-ol