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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (S)-Perhydroazepine-2-carboxylic acid 66865-37-0 C7H13NO2
    (S)-Perhydroazepine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— triphenylcinnamylphosphonium bromide 7310-74-9 Br*C27H24P
    triphenylcinnamylphosphonium bromide
    —— (S)-N-acetylprolinol 66158-68-7 C7H13NO2
    (S)-N-acetylprolinol
    —— 1-hydroxycyclopropanecarbohydrazide 934174-96-6 C4H8N2O2
    1-hydroxycyclopropanecarbohydrazide
    —— thallium(I) acetylacetonate 25955-51-5 C5H7O2Tl
    thallium(I) acetylacetonate
    —— (1S)-(-)-2,10-camphorsultam 94594-90-8 C10H17NO2S
    (1S)-(-)-2,10-camphorsultam
    —— (5-bromofuran-3-yl)methylamine 1201809-75-7 C5H6BrNO
    (5-bromofuran-3-yl)methylamine
    —— 4’-hydroxybiphenyl-4-carboxamide 182318-78-1 C13H11NO2
    4’-hydroxybiphenyl-4-carboxamide
    —— (E)-3-(2,5-difluorophenyl)acrylaldehyde 872263-26-8 C9H6F2O
    (E)-3-(2,5-difluorophenyl)acrylaldehyde
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-spiro[pyran-4,2'-pyrano[3,2-b]pyridin]-4'(3'H)-one 1190962-33-4 C12H13NO3
    2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-spiro[pyran-4,2'-pyrano[3,2-b]pyridin]-4'(3'H)-one
    —— perylenetetradecyl ester 288587-52-0 C64H92O8
    perylenetetradecyl ester
    —— benzyl N-[(1S,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl]carbamate 1067631-21-3 C14H20N2O2
    benzyl N-[(1S,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl]carbamate
    —— benzyl N-[(1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexyl]carbamate 1067631-22-4 C14H20N2O2
    benzyl N-[(1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexyl]carbamate
    —— (S,E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one 127-42-4 C14H22O
    (S,E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)pent-1-en-3-one
    —— 2,3-diamino-5-fluorobenzoic acid 177960-38-2 C7H7FN2O2
    2,3-diamino-5-fluorobenzoic acid
    —— Cortisolbutyrat 6677-99-2 C25H36O6
    Cortisolbutyrat
    —— Hydrocortison-21-butyrat 6677-99-2 C25H36O6
    Hydrocortison-21-butyrat
    —— 2-(2-oxobutyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione 24836-98-4 C10H14O3
    2-(2-oxobutyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione
    —— [(10R,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] tetradecanoate 1989-52-2 C41H72O2
    [(10R,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] tetradecanoate
    —— N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-butane-1,4-diamine 35513-90-7 C8H22N4
    N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-butane-1,4-diamine
    —— 4-(Chloromethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine 1268390-67-5 C8H7ClN2
    4-(Chloromethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine
    —— 5-bromo-1-ethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 36387-90-3 C6H7BrN2O2
    5-bromo-1-ethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl 6,7-dihydro-9-hydroxypyrido<1,2-a>indole-8-carboxylate 151825-54-6 C15H15NO3
    ethyl 6,7-dihydro-9-hydroxypyrido<1,2-a>indole-8-carboxylate
    —— 1-acetyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 40338-28-1 C6H6N2O3
    1-acetyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 1,10-bis(diphenylphosphino)decane 27721-03-5 C34H40P2
    1,10-bis(diphenylphosphino)decane
    —— bis(4-fluorophenyl)(imino)-λ<sup>6</sup>-sulfanone 71888-05-6 C12H9F2NOS
    bis(4-fluorophenyl)(imino)-λ<sup>6</sup>-sulfanone
    —— cis-1-carboxy-2-(aminocarboxyl)-2-cyclohexane 6294-84-4 C8H13NO3
    cis-1-carboxy-2-(aminocarboxyl)-2-cyclohexane
    —— N,N-bis(N'-Fmoc-3-aminopropyl)glycine potassium hemisulfate 346694-76-6 C38H39N3O6*HO4S*K
    N,N-bis(N'-Fmoc-3-aminopropyl)glycine potassium hemisulfate
    —— 2-(trans-4-aminocyclohexyl)acetonitrile 1266328-42-0 C8H14N2
    2-(trans-4-aminocyclohexyl)acetonitrile
    —— 2-(2-Methoxy-benzamino)-5-nitro-thiazol 69818-97-9 C11H9N3O4S
    2-(2-Methoxy-benzamino)-5-nitro-thiazol
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-methoxymethoxy-benzaldehyde 1351594-24-5 C9H10O4
    3-hydroxy-2-methoxymethoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— sodium dibenzenesulfonimide 2532-07-2 C12H10NO4S2*Na
    sodium dibenzenesulfonimide
    —— 5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-6-methylnicotinic acid 936801-43-3 C12H16N2O4
    5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-6-methylnicotinic acid
    —— ethyl 6-bromo-8-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate 907945-82-8 C11H11BrN2O2
    ethyl 6-bromo-8-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate
    —— Benzenamine, 4-(diphenylphosphino)-N,N-diethyl- 63370-87-6 C22H24NP
    Benzenamine, 4-(diphenylphosphino)-N,N-diethyl-
    —— 1,4-Bis(diethylphosphino)butane 54729-77-0 C12H28P2
    1,4-Bis(diethylphosphino)butane
    —— (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylmethyl-1-[bis(phenylmethyl)amino]propane 1040485-11-7 C23H26N2
    (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylmethyl-1-[bis(phenylmethyl)amino]propane
    —— 1-tert-butyl 3,5-dimethyl piperidine-1,3,5-tricarboxylate 595555-70-7 C14H23NO6
    1-tert-butyl 3,5-dimethyl piperidine-1,3,5-tricarboxylate
    —— ethyl 2-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)benzylamino)acetate 1228587-58-3 C16H24N2O2
    ethyl 2-(3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)benzylamino)acetate
    —— (2S,4R)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine 117811-79-7 C14H19NO6S
    (2S,4R)-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-methanesulfonyloxypyrrolidine
    —— magnesium,2,6-dimethyloctane,bromide 114499-45-5 C10H21BrMg
    magnesium,2,6-dimethyloctane,bromide
    —— CAY10583 862891-27-8 C25H25NO3
    CAY10583
    —— 2,3,3-trimethyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)-3H-indole 473437-34-2 C17H24BNO2
    2,3,3-trimethyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)-3H-indole
    —— methyl 5-(methyloxy)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxylate 1193789-02-4 C10H10N2O3
    methyl 5-(methyloxy)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxylate
    —— 1-phenylthio-3,3,3-trifluoropropene 155444-61-4 C9H7F3S
    1-phenylthio-3,3,3-trifluoropropene
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-aniline; radical cation 91-66-7 C10H15N
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-aniline; radical cation
    —— 4-chloro-2[2-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl]-N-(1-aminoethylidene) benzenamine 205867-69-2 C17H16ClFN2S2
    4-chloro-2[2-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl]-N-(1-aminoethylidene) benzenamine
    —— (6-bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methanol 749930-90-3 C6H5BrN4O
    (6-bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)methanol
    —— (4-methoxyphenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanethione 80282-57-1 C12H15NOS
    (4-methoxyphenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanethione
    —— 2-bromo-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid 944901-01-3 C4H3BrN2O2
    2-bromo-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid