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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(chloromethyl)-1,2-dibromobenzene 68119-99-3 C7H5Br2Cl
    4-(chloromethyl)-1,2-dibromobenzene
    —— tert-butyl ((2R,5R)-5-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl)carbamate 1262859-69-7 C18H21F4N3O5
    tert-butyl ((2R,5R)-5-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl)carbamate
    —— (2R,5R)-5-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-3-amine 1262859-68-6 C13H13F4N3O3
    (2R,5R)-5-(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-oxazin-3-amine
    —— 4-aminobutan-2-one hydrochloride 92901-20-7 C4H9NO*ClH
    4-aminobutan-2-one hydrochloride
    —— pentylphosphonic dichloride 926-46-5 C5H11Cl2OP
    pentylphosphonic dichloride
    —— 1-ethyl-cyclohexylamine; hydrochloride 90226-26-9 C8H17N*ClH
    1-ethyl-cyclohexylamine; hydrochloride
    —— 6-fluoro-indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester 5159-07-9 C11H10FNO2
    6-fluoro-indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— (5-(Tert-butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)methanamine 1119449-45-4 C12H16N2O
    (5-(Tert-butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)methanamine
    —— N<sup>2</sup>-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N<sup>6</sup>-(pent-4-ynoyl)-L-lysine 1159531-18-6 C26H28N2O5
    N<sup>2</sup>-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N<sup>6</sup>-(pent-4-ynoyl)-L-lysine
    —— 6β-amino-(3α<i>H</i>)-penicillanic acid 159573-88-3 C8H12N2O3S
    6β-amino-(3α<i>H</i>)-penicillanic acid
    —— hendecenoyl chloride 27236-80-2 C11H19ClO
    hendecenoyl chloride
    —— 1-phenylethyl 1H-imidazole-1-carbonodithioate 357268-45-2 C12H12N2S2
    1-phenylethyl 1H-imidazole-1-carbonodithioate
    —— 2-phenylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid 24102-01-0 C13H14O2
    2-phenylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (R)-2-amino-6-phenylhexanoic acid 36061-09-3 C12H17NO2
    (R)-2-amino-6-phenylhexanoic acid
    —— (S)-2-amino-6-phenylhexanoic acid 80887-26-9 C12H17NO2
    (S)-2-amino-6-phenylhexanoic acid
    —— 5-(4-bromophenyl)-11,11-dimethyl-5,11-dihydroindeno[1,2-b]carbazole 1373265-64-5 C27H20BrN
    5-(4-bromophenyl)-11,11-dimethyl-5,11-dihydroindeno[1,2-b]carbazole
    —— α-phenyl sarcosine HCl 4418-82-0 C9H11NO2*ClH
    α-phenyl sarcosine HCl
    —— (+/-)-6.7-Epi-aristolon 3293-43-4 C15H22O
    (+/-)-6.7-Epi-aristolon
    —— 4-bromo-2-methyl-6-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 1443541-09-0 C8H6BrN3O2
    4-bromo-2-methyl-6-nitro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole
    —— 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 908595-77-7 C13H28BrNO4Si
    3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
    —— 2-Pyrrolidinocinnamic acid 83716-79-4 C13H15NO2
    2-Pyrrolidinocinnamic acid
    —— 3-(6-amino-5,7-dichloro-3-oxo-3<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophen-2-ylidene)-5,7-dichloro-indolin-2-one 6424-62-0 C16H6Cl4N2O2S
    3-(6-amino-5,7-dichloro-3-oxo-3<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophen-2-ylidene)-5,7-dichloro-indolin-2-one
    —— candidine 97457-31-3 C23H13N3O2
    candidine
    —— 2-[2-nitro-1-(nitromethyl)ethyl]furan 261171-48-6 C7H8N2O5
    2-[2-nitro-1-(nitromethyl)ethyl]furan
    —— vanillyl alcohol dimethacrylate 36195-35-4 C16H18O5
    vanillyl alcohol dimethacrylate
    —— disodium-2-amino naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate salt 19532-03-7 C10H7NO6S2*2Na
    disodium-2-amino naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate salt
    —— (1R)-2-Oxobornan-10-sulfonsaeure-chlorid 4552-50-5 C10H15ClO3S
    (1R)-2-Oxobornan-10-sulfonsaeure-chlorid
    —— N-allyl-N-phenyl-benzenesulfonamide 30765-85-6 C15H15NO2S
    N-allyl-N-phenyl-benzenesulfonamide
    —— N-allyl-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide 863418-78-4 C12H17NO2S
    N-allyl-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide
    —— paltusotine 2172870-89-0 C27H22F2N4O
    paltusotine
    —— (γ-N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)diphenylphosphine 961-04-6 C17H22NP
    (γ-N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)diphenylphosphine
    —— 1-azido 2-deoxy-2-acetamido 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 39541-20-3 C14H20N4O8
    1-azido 2-deoxy-2-acetamido 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— 1-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine 61532-35-2 C12H9N3
    1-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine
    —— 6,7-dibromo-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene 184885-74-3 C14H18Br2
    6,7-dibromo-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
    —— 2-chloro-3-cyano-5-phenylpyrrole 158692-52-5 C11H7ClN2
    2-chloro-3-cyano-5-phenylpyrrole
    —— dimethyl-p-tolylphosphine oxide 53888-89-4 C9H13OP
    dimethyl-p-tolylphosphine oxide
    —— (R)-3-(methoxy)butanoic acid 10024-70-1 C5H10O3
    (R)-3-(methoxy)butanoic acid
    —— 1-(2-Chlor-6-fluorphenyl)-2-nitroaethylen 60610-68-6 C8H5ClFNO2
    1-(2-Chlor-6-fluorphenyl)-2-nitroaethylen
    —— 2-[7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline 1318794-38-5 C26H21N5O2
    2-[7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline
    —— cycloocta-1<i>t</i>,3<i>t</i>-diene 1700-10-3 C8H12
    cycloocta-1<i>t</i>,3<i>t</i>-diene
    —— (4-bromophenyl)diisopropylphosphine 651330-03-9 C12H18BrP
    (4-bromophenyl)diisopropylphosphine
    —— (3-Bromophenyl)di(propan-2-yl)phosphane 651330-02-8 C12H18BrP
    (3-Bromophenyl)di(propan-2-yl)phosphane
    —— (2Z,6Z)-diisozerumbone 471-05-6 C15H22O
    (2Z,6Z)-diisozerumbone
    —— 1,10-dibromodecane-2,8-dione 77104-08-6 C10H16Br2O2
    1,10-dibromodecane-2,8-dione
    —— methyl 2-amino-5-(dimethylamino)benzoate 749863-32-9 C10H14N2O2
    methyl 2-amino-5-(dimethylamino)benzoate
    —— (3aRS,5aRS,9aSR,9bSR)-dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan 3738-00-9 C16H28O
    (3aRS,5aRS,9aSR,9bSR)-dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan
    —— (3aRS,5aSR,9aRS,9bSR)-dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan 3738-00-9 C16H28O
    (3aRS,5aSR,9aRS,9bSR)-dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan
    —— (+/-)-5β-Ambrox 3738-00-9 C16H28O
    (+/-)-5β-Ambrox
    —— m-methylphenylphosphorus dichloride 5510-88-3 C7H7Cl2P
    m-methylphenylphosphorus dichloride
    —— 4-bromo-N'-(4-bromobenzoyl)benzohydrazide 69673-99-0 C14H10Br2N2O2
    4-bromo-N'-(4-bromobenzoyl)benzohydrazide