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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,2-Dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione, monopotassium salt 28382-15-2 C4H3KN2O2
    1,2-Dihydropyridazine-3,6-dione, monopotassium salt
    —— (2S)-2-amino-2-methylbutanamide 59209-90-4 C5H12N2O
    (2S)-2-amino-2-methylbutanamide
    —— 4-chlorophenylphosphorothioic dichloride 3064-55-9 C6H4Cl3PS
    4-chlorophenylphosphorothioic dichloride
    —— 3-[((<i>R</i>)-carboxy-phenyl-methyl)-amino]-but-2-enoic acid methyl ester; sodium salt 13291-96-8 C13H14NO4*Na
    3-[((<i>R</i>)-carboxy-phenyl-methyl)-amino]-but-2-enoic acid methyl ester; sodium salt
    —— 1,2,3,4,2',3',4',6'-octa-O-acetylgentiobiose 4613-78-9 C28H38O19
    1,2,3,4,2',3',4',6'-octa-O-acetylgentiobiose
    —— <i>o</i>-tolyl-phosphonic acid-dichloride 62386-52-1 C7H7Cl2OP
    <i>o</i>-tolyl-phosphonic acid-dichloride
    —— Beta-(benzilsaeure-tropinester) 3736-36-5 C22H25NO3
    Beta-(benzilsaeure-tropinester)
    —— Apoatropin 500-55-0 C17H21NO2
    Apoatropin
    —— lithium 2-ethylhexanoate 15590-62-2 C8H15O2*Li
    lithium 2-ethylhexanoate
    —— DOTA triethyl ester 114873-54-0 C22H40N4O8
    DOTA triethyl ester
    —— (-)-menthyloxyacetic acid 6070-21-9 C12H22O3
    (-)-menthyloxyacetic acid
    —— nardosinonediol 20489-11-6 C15H24O3
    nardosinonediol
    —— methyl 2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)acetate 1477524-08-5 C16H19BrO3
    methyl 2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)acetate
    —— 8-Quinolinol salicylate 2439-07-8 C7H6O3*C9H7NO
    8-Quinolinol salicylate
    —— 3,4-Diaethoxyanthranilsaeure 61948-72-9 C11H15NO4
    3,4-Diaethoxyanthranilsaeure
    —— 1-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid 640287-99-6 C17H18F3N3O4
    1-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid
    —— 12-amino-12-oxododecanoic acid 21842-33-1 C12H23NO3
    12-amino-12-oxododecanoic acid
    —— 9-oxo-xanthene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 33872-64-9 C15H8O6
    9-oxo-xanthene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
    —— 3-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 158958-74-8 C13H8BrFN2
    3-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine
    —— N-methyl-N'-(phenylmethylene)acetohydrazide 21075-81-0 C10H12N2O
    N-methyl-N'-(phenylmethylene)acetohydrazide
    —— decahydro-[2]naphthylamine 936-35-6 C10H19N
    decahydro-[2]naphthylamine
    —— 11α-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 80-75-1 C21H30O3
    11α-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
    —— 2,3-dimethyl-terephthalic acid monomethyl ester 109844-88-4 C11H12O4
    2,3-dimethyl-terephthalic acid monomethyl ester
    —— 2-[9H-fluorene-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl(propan-2-yl)amino]acetic acid 498575-09-0 C20H21NO4
    2-[9H-fluorene-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl(propan-2-yl)amino]acetic acid
    —— Linolsaeure-chloesterylester 604-33-1 C45H76O2
    Linolsaeure-chloesterylester
    —— Linolsaeure-cholesteryl-ester 604-33-1 C45H76O2
    Linolsaeure-cholesteryl-ester
    —— Cholesteryl linoleat 604-33-1 C45H76O2
    Cholesteryl linoleat
    —— TES sodium 70331-82-7 C6H14NO6S*Na
    TES sodium
    —— Na[S2CNEt2] 148-18-5 C5H11NS2*Na
    Na[S2CNEt2]
    —— 4-(trans-4'-n-Pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone 84868-02-0 C17H30O
    4-(trans-4'-n-Pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone
    —— H-Phe(4-Br)-OMe hydrochloride 444726-88-9 C10H12BrNO2*ClH
    H-Phe(4-Br)-OMe hydrochloride
    —— sodium prop-2-yne-1-sulfonate 55947-46-1 C3H3O3S*Na
    sodium prop-2-yne-1-sulfonate
    —— 1-(4-bromopyridin-2-yl)propan-1-amine hydrochloride 1220127-05-8 C8H11BrN2*ClH
    1-(4-bromopyridin-2-yl)propan-1-amine hydrochloride
    —— 1-methylphospholane oxide 5794-87-6 C5H11OP
    1-methylphospholane oxide
    —— N-formyl-L-aspartic anhydride 33605-73-1 C5H5NO4
    N-formyl-L-aspartic anhydride
    —— (rac)-cis-ethyl 3-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate 94160-25-5 C9H16O3
    (rac)-cis-ethyl 3-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— 3-methoxy-(9β)-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    3-methoxy-(9β)-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one
    —— <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-8α,13α-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-8α,13α-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one
    —— (+/-)-3-methoxyestrone 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    (+/-)-3-methoxyestrone
    —— (13R)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    (13R)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one
    —— (8S,9S,13R,14R)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    (8S,9S,13R,14R)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one
    —— <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 1091-94-7 C19H24O2
    <i>rac</i>-3-methoxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one
    —— 4-aminocyclopent-2-enecarboxylic acid 344326-33-6 C6H9NO2
    4-aminocyclopent-2-enecarboxylic acid
    —— 4-methoxy-<i>N</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>N</i><sup>1</sup>-dimethyl-<i>o</i>-phenylenediamine 183251-91-4 C9H14N2O
    4-methoxy-<i>N</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>N</i><sup>1</sup>-dimethyl-<i>o</i>-phenylenediamine
    —— zinc salicylate 16283-36-6 C14H12O6Zn
    zinc salicylate
    —— 4-amino-1-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one 58196-50-2 C7H9N3O
    4-amino-1-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 19-Hydroxy-3,17-dioxo-androsten-(4) 510-64-5 C19H26O3
    19-Hydroxy-3,17-dioxo-androsten-(4)
    —— 1-methylimidazo<4,5-c>pyridine 5028-32-0 C7H7N3
    1-methylimidazo<4,5-c>pyridine
    —— (2S,4R)-1-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-4-hydroxy-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid 917099-02-6 C21H21NO5
    (2S,4R)-1-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-4-hydroxy-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid
    —— <sup>t</sup>BuXPhosAu(MeCN)SbF<sub>6</sub> 1140531-94-7 C31H48AuNP*F6Sb
    <sup>t</sup>BuXPhosAu(MeCN)SbF<sub>6</sub>