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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— succinate dehydrogenase 9002-02-2 —— ——
    —— formaldehyde dehydrogenase 9028-84-6 —— ——
    —— alcohol oxidase 9073-63-6 —— ——
    —— alkaline phosphatase 9001-78-9 —— ——
    —— acetolactate decarboxylase 9025-02-9 —— ——
    —— (Dimethylamine)trihydroboron 74-94-2 C2H6BN-
    (Dimethylamine)trihydroboron
    —— 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:2) 144-33-2 C6H8Na2O7+2
    1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:2)
    —— Benzenesulfonic acid, 5-amino-2-(2-(4-nitro-2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl)-, disodium salt 6634-82-8 C14H12N2NaO8S2+
    Benzenesulfonic acid, 5-amino-2-(2-(4-nitro-2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl)-, disodium salt
    —— Hexadecyl 7-methyloctanoate 84878-33-1 C25H50O2
    Hexadecyl 7-methyloctanoate
    —— Sodium lauroyl methylaminopropionate 21539-58-2 C16H30NNaO3
    Sodium lauroyl methylaminopropionate
    —— 1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate 336100-46-0 C5H4NO2-
    1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate
    —— 1-Benzyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-ium 90365-74-5 C11H16NO2+
    1-Benzyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-ium
    —— 2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate 155367-45-6 C16H20NO4-
    2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-Chloro-6-fluorophenylchlorooxime 51088-25-6 C7H4Cl2FNO
    2-Chloro-6-fluorophenylchlorooxime
    —— 1,1,1-Trifluoroacetone oxime 431-40-3 C3H4F3NO
    1,1,1-Trifluoroacetone oxime
    —— 6-O-Stearoyl-L-ascorbic Acid 10605-09-1 C24H42O7
    6-O-Stearoyl-L-ascorbic Acid
    —— N-[2-(Diphenylphosphino)benzylidene]hydroxylamine 153358-05-5 C19H16NOP
    N-[2-(Diphenylphosphino)benzylidene]hydroxylamine
    —— Bismuth germanium oxide (Bi4Ge3O12) 12233-56-6 BiGeH2O
    Bismuth germanium oxide (Bi4Ge3O12)
    —— 1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinolinium inner salt 84957-30-2 C23H24N6O5S2
    1-[[(6R,7R)-7-[[(2Z)-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinolinium inner salt
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-[(propan-2-yl)imino]ethan-1-aminium 67863-05-2 C5H13N2O+
    2-Hydroxy-2-[(propan-2-yl)imino]ethan-1-aminium
    —— 3-({[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}methyl)piperidin-1-ium 142643-29-6 C11H23N2O2+
    3-({[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}methyl)piperidin-1-ium
    —— 1,2-Azetidinedicarboxylic acid, 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester, (2R)- 374791-02-3 C19H16NO4-
    1,2-Azetidinedicarboxylic acid, 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester, (2R)-
    —— N-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-phenylethan-1-aminium 134430-93-6 C17H22NO2+
    N-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-phenylethan-1-aminium
    —— 4-(Piperidin-1-ium-4-YL)morpholin-4-ium 436099-97-7 C9H20N2O+2
    4-(Piperidin-1-ium-4-YL)morpholin-4-ium
    —— 5-Oxo-1-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate 99735-43-0 C13H14NO3-
    5-Oxo-1-(1-phenylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— lithium D-gluconate 60816-70-8 C6H11O7*Li
    lithium D-gluconate
    —— Sodium (R)-[(3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)amino]phenylacetate 13291-96-8 C13H14NNaO4
    Sodium (R)-[(3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)amino]phenylacetate
    —— Cholesteryl linolelaidate 604-33-1 C45H76O2
    Cholesteryl linolelaidate
    —— Titanium, tris(isooctadecanoato-O)(2-propanolato)- 61417-49-0 C57H112O7Ti
    Titanium, tris(isooctadecanoato-O)(2-propanolato)-
    —— Uranium, bis(nitrato-kappaO)dioxo-, (T-4)- 10102-06-4 N2O8U-6
    Uranium, bis(nitrato-kappaO)dioxo-, (T-4)-
    —— Copper chromate(III) (CU2CR2O5) 12053-18-8 Cr2Cu2O5
    Copper chromate(III) (CU2CR2O5)
    —— Glycine, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, potassium salt (1:3) 17572-97-3 C10H16K3N2O8+3
    Glycine, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, potassium salt (1:3)
    —— 78-04-6 C12H20O4Sn
    —— Glycine, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, ammonium salt (1:2) 20824-56-0 C10H24N4O8+2
    Glycine, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, ammonium salt (1:2)
    —— Hafnium(IV) Trifluoromethanesulfonate 161337-67-3 C4F12HfO12S4
    Hafnium(IV) Trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— (+/-)-3'-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4'-fluoromethanesulfonanilide 137431-02-8 C9H13FN2O3S
    (+/-)-3'-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4'-fluoromethanesulfonanilide
    —— calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate;(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate 11116-97-5 C9H16CaO10
    calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate;(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
    —— Sodium 4-((2,4-dihydroxy-3-(phenylazo)phenyl)azo)benzenesulphonate 5850-13-5 C18H13N4NaO5S
    Sodium 4-((2,4-dihydroxy-3-(phenylazo)phenyl)azo)benzenesulphonate
    —— 2-[Hydroxy(imino)methyl]cyclopentan-1-aminium 135053-11-1 C6H13N2O+
    2-[Hydroxy(imino)methyl]cyclopentan-1-aminium
    —— 1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl(methyl)ammonium 15205-27-3 C9H12NO2+
    1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl(methyl)ammonium
    —— 3-{[(Benzyloxy)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}piperidin-1-ium 31648-54-1 C13H19N2O2+
    3-{[(Benzyloxy)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}piperidin-1-ium
    —— 2-(4-Chlorophenoxy)ethan-1-aminium 28769-06-4 C8H11ClNO+
    2-(4-Chlorophenoxy)ethan-1-aminium
    —— [4-[(2-Methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]cyclohexyl]azanium 195314-59-1 C11H23N2O2+
    [4-[(2-Methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]cyclohexyl]azanium
    —— 4-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}butan-1-aminium 68076-36-8 C9H21N2O2+
    4-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}butan-1-aminium
    —— (3S)-3-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-ol 34272-83-8 C8H18N2O
    (3S)-3-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-ol
    —— 2-Methoxypropanoate 23943-96-6 C4H7O3-
    2-Methoxypropanoate
    —— 1-Phenyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)ethan-1-aminium 82398-30-9 C16H20N+
    1-Phenyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)ethan-1-aminium
    —— 1-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-4-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate 285996-74-9 C22H20NO5-
    1-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-4-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate
    —— (2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-N-methylmethanaminium 90389-15-4 C8H10Cl2N+
    (2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-N-methylmethanaminium
    —— (2,3-Difluorophenyl)acetate 360-03-2 C8H5F2O2-
    (2,3-Difluorophenyl)acetate