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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2-methylaniline 245765-58-6 C10H12BrN
    3-bromo-N-cyclopropyl-2-methylaniline
    —— 3,5-dimethylcyclohexanol 767-13-5 C8H16O
    3,5-dimethylcyclohexanol
    —— methyl 4-(phenylbuta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)benzoate 297178-34-8 C18H12O2
    methyl 4-(phenylbuta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)benzoate
    —— N-(9-anthracenylmethyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2-pyridinemethanamine 190183-94-9 C27H23N3
    N-(9-anthracenylmethyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2-pyridinemethanamine
    —— 2-bromo-1-(3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-ethanone hydrobromide 845538-59-2 BrH*C7H5BrFNO
    2-bromo-1-(3-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)-ethanone hydrobromide
    —— 6-methanesulfonyl-4-methyl-pyridin-3-ylamine 897732-77-3 C7H10N2O2S
    6-methanesulfonyl-4-methyl-pyridin-3-ylamine
    —— diethyl(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amine 2071-27-4 C17H22NP
    diethyl(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amine
    —— Sodium N-lauryl-beta-aminopropionate 3546-96-1 C15H31NNaO2+
    Sodium N-lauryl-beta-aminopropionate
    —— methyl tri-O-benzoyl-α-D-arabinofuranoside 7473-42-9 C27H24O8
    methyl tri-O-benzoyl-α-D-arabinofuranoside
    —— (R)-2-(benzyloxy)pentan-3-one 132489-34-0 C12H16O2
    (R)-2-(benzyloxy)pentan-3-one
    —— sodium 2-thiophenecarboxylate 25112-68-9 C5H3O2S*Na
    sodium 2-thiophenecarboxylate
    —— triethyl phosphonoacetate 36032-75-4 C8H17O3P
    triethyl phosphonoacetate
    —— 4,8-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene 1620482-23-6 C18H10S4
    4,8-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene
    —— 9-Methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine dihydrochloride 135906-03-5 C9H20Cl2N2
    9-Methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine dihydrochloride
    —— tert-butyl 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate 59713-55-2 C12H17NO2S
    tert-butyl 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide 910912-20-8 C9H9BrFNO2
    5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide
    —— 3-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutan-2-one 107046-98-0 C11H13BrO
    3-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylbutan-2-one
    —— 1H,1'H-5,5'-bibenzo[d]imidazole 3097-03-8 C14H10N4
    1H,1'H-5,5'-bibenzo[d]imidazole
    —— tetrakis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)methane 860026-77-3 C17H20N8
    tetrakis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)methane
    —— 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline 865169-07-9 C20H12N4O2
    2-(4-carboxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline
    —— dirhodium tetrakis(caprolactamate) 138984-26-6 C24H40N4O4Rh2
    dirhodium tetrakis(caprolactamate)
    —— MesP(O)Cl2 114070-55-2 C9H11Cl2OP
    MesP(O)Cl2
    —— bis((Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yloxy)cadmium 14689-45-3 C10H16CdO4
    bis((Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yloxy)cadmium
    —— p-Sulphobenzoic acid, monopotassium salt 5399-63-3 C7H6KO5S+
    p-Sulphobenzoic acid, monopotassium salt
    —— cobalt(III) acetate 917-69-1 C6H9CoO6
    cobalt(III) acetate
    —— manganese(I) 2-ethylhexanoate 15956-58-8 C8H15MnO2-
    manganese(I) 2-ethylhexanoate
    —— bis((Z)-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yloxy)nickel 14949-69-0 C10H4F12NiO4
    bis((Z)-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-oxopent-2-en-2-yloxy)nickel
    —— 3-(trifluoromethyl)oxetan-3-ol 1403676-72-1 C4H5F3O2
    3-(trifluoromethyl)oxetan-3-ol
    —— N-isobutyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide 56808-99-2 C11H13N3O5
    N-isobutyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide
    —— 4-decyloxy-3-ethoxy-phenylamine 55483-78-8 C18H31NO2
    4-decyloxy-3-ethoxy-phenylamine
    —— 3-(3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid 350983-37-8 C13H18O3
    3-(3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid
    —— 4-chlorophenyldichlorophosphine 1005-33-0 C6H4Cl3P
    4-chlorophenyldichlorophosphine
    —— N,N-dimethylbenzylamine cation radical 103-83-3 C9H13N
    N,N-dimethylbenzylamine cation radical
    —— 2-fluoro-3-(difluoromethoxy)pyridine 1214377-44-2 C6H4F3NO
    2-fluoro-3-(difluoromethoxy)pyridine
    —— sodium oleate 16558-02-4 C18H33O2*Na
    sodium oleate
    —— (Z)-3-bromoacrylic acid 1609-92-3 C3H3BrO2
    (Z)-3-bromoacrylic acid
    —— (S)-epifluorohydrin 130796-94-0 C3H5FO
    (S)-epifluorohydrin
    —— 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid 5217-47-0 C8H12N2O2S
    1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid
    —— cyclohexane-1,4-dicarbaldehyde 33424-83-8 C8H12O2
    cyclohexane-1,4-dicarbaldehyde
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)ethanol 1645-50-7 C12H9F3O
    2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)ethanol
    —— ethyl 2-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)thiazol-4-yl)acetate 82548-78-5 C12H18N2O4S
    ethyl 2-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)thiazol-4-yl)acetate
    —— (Rs)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl-(3,3,3)-trifluoroacetaldimine 1219607-85-8 C6H10F3NOS
    (Rs)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl-(3,3,3)-trifluoroacetaldimine
    —— (Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene 99728-16-2 C3H2ClF3
    (Z)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene
    —— phenylmethylaminium radical cation 100-61-8 C7H9N
    phenylmethylaminium radical cation
    —— (3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 512785-77-2 C14H17NO2
    (3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribo-3-hexulofuranose 2847-00-9 C12H18O6
    1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribo-3-hexulofuranose
    —— (1-(4-aminophenyl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol 471937-86-7 C12H18N2O
    (1-(4-aminophenyl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol
    —— lactisole 150436-68-3 C10H11O4*Na
    lactisole
    —— Sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate 126-83-0 C3H7ClNaO4S+
    Sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate
    —— 603-76-9 C9H9N