有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-[(3S)-3-吡咯烷]-哌啶盐酸盐 | (S)-1-(Pyrrolidin-3-yl)piperidine dihydrochloride | 917505-12-5 | C9H20Cl2N2 |
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1-[(3-氟苯基)甲基]-5-硝基-1H-吲唑 | 1-(3-fluorobenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-carbazole | 529508-58-5 | C14H10FN3O2 |
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1-[(2-羟基乙基)硫代]丙-2-醇 | 2-hydroxypropyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulfide | 6713-03-7 | C5H12O2S |
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1-[(2-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)偶氮]-2-萘酚 | 1-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthol | 4998-82-7 | C16H10N4O6 |
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1-[(2-氯苯基)硫]-2-丙酮 | 1-((2-chlorophenyl)thio)propan-2-one | 17514-52-2 | C9H9ClOS |
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1-[(2-氯乙基)硫代]-4-硝基苯 | p-Nitrophenyl-(β-chlorethyl)-sulfid | 5535-73-9 | C8H8ClNO2S |
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1-[(2,6-二氟苯基)甲基]-1H-1,2,3-噻唑-4-羧酸 | 1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid | 166196-11-8 | C10H7F2N3O2 |
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1-O-十六烷基-SN-甘油基-3-胆碱磷酸 | 1-palmityl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | 52691-62-0 | C24H52NO6P |
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1-O-Alpha-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-D-呋喃果糖 | 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-fructose | 51411-23-5 | C12H22O11 |
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1-Naphthalenesulfonicacid,4-amino-,diazotized,coupledwithDyer鈥檚mulberryextract | 4-amino-1-naphthalenesufonic acid | 84-86-6 | C10H9NO3S |
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1-N-苄氧羰基-2-羟甲基哌啶 | 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-hydroxymethylpiperidine | 105706-75-0 | C14H19NO3 |
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1-N-叔丁氧羰基-4-(溴亚甲基)哌啶 | tert-butyl 4-(bromomethylene)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1020329-80-9 | C11H18BrNO2 |
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1-N-叔丁氧羰基-2-甲基-1,2-丙二胺盐酸盐 | tert-butyl (2-amino-2-methylpropyl)carbamate hydrochloride | 1179361-35-3 | C9H20N2O2*ClH |
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1-N-乙酰基-3-硝基对亚苯二胺 | 4-Amino-3-nitro-acetanilid | 6086-29-9 | C8H9N3O3 |
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1-N-boc-2-甲基-1,2-丙二胺 | tert-butyl (2-amino-2-methylpropyl)carbamate | 95034-05-2 | C9H20N2O2 |
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1-N-boc-2(s)-甲基-哌啶-4-酮 | tert-butyl (2S)-2-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate | 790667-49-1 | C11H19NO3 |
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1-N-Cbz-4-氰基哌啶 | benzyl 4-cyanopiperidine-1-carboxylate | 161609-84-3 | C14H16N2O2 |
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1-N-Cbz-2-哌啶甲酸 | N-benzyloxycarbonyl D/L-pipecolinic acid | 28697-07-6 | C14H17NO4 |
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1-N-CBZ-3-吡咯烷酮 | benzyl 3-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate | 130761-99-8 | C13H14O3 |
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1-N-Boc-4-甲基羟甲基哌啶 | tert-butyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate | 236406-21-6 | C12H23NO3 |
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1-N-Boc-4-异丙胺哌啶 | tert-butyl 4-(isopropylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 534595-51-2 | C13H26N2O2 |
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1-N-Boc-4-(4-溴苯基)哌啶 | tert-butyl 4-(4-bromophenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 769944-78-7 | C16H22BrNO2 |
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1-N-Boc-2-反式-丁烯-1,4-二胺 | tert-butyl (E)-(4-aminobut-2-en-1-yl)carbamate | 146394-99-2 | C9H18N2O2 |
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1-N-Boc-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)肼 | tert-butyl N-amino-N-(2-methoxyethyl)carbamate | 957761-27-2 | C8H18N2O3 |
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1-N-BOC-八氢-吡咯并[3,2-B]吡啶 | tert-butyl octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate | 1211586-14-9 | C12H22N2O2 |
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1-N-BOC-3-氟苯胺 | N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-meta-fluoroaniline | 81740-18-3 | C11H14FNO2 |
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1-N,2-N-二甲基苯-1,2-二胺 | N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-phenylenediamine | 3213-79-4 | C8H12N2 |
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1-MS-4-Boc-氨基哌啶 | (1-methanesulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 287953-38-2 | C11H22N2O4S |
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1-Cbz-4-氨基哌啶-4-甲酸 | N-carbobenzyloxy-4-amino-4-carboxy-piperidine | 115655-41-9 | C14H18N2O4 |
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1-Cbz-4-哌啶甲酸甲酯 | methyl-1-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-piperidinecarboxylate | 138163-07-2 | C15H19NO4 |
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1-Cbz-3-哌啶酮 | N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-piperidone | 61995-20-8 | C13H15NO3 |
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1-Cbz-2-甲基吡咯烷-2-甲酸 | 1-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 63427-91-8 | C14H17NO4 |
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1-CBZ-氮杂环丁烷-3-甲醛 | benzyl 3-formylazetidine-1-carboxylate | 1638761-59-7 | C12H13NO3 |
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1-CBZ-5-氧代氮杂环庚烷-4-甲酸乙酯 | 1-benzyl 4-ethyl 5-oxoazepane-1,4-dicarboxylate | 31696-09-0 | C17H21NO5 |
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1-CBZ-4-碘哌啶 | benzyl 4-iodopiperidine-1-carboxylate | 885275-00-3 | C13H16INO2 |
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1-CBZ-3-羟甲基吡咯烷 | benzyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 315718-05-9 | C13H17NO3 |
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1-CBZ-3-溴吡咯烷 | benzyl 3-bromopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 220212-12-4 | C12H14BrNO2 |
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1-CBZ-3,4-环氧哌啶 | 3,4-epoxy-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester | 66207-08-7 | C13H15NO3 |
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1-CBZ-2-甲基-L-脯氨酸 | (S)-1-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-2-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 63399-71-3 | C14H17NO4 |
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1-Boc-色胺 | tert-butyl 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indole-1-carboxylate | 167015-84-1 | C15H20N2O2 |
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1-Boc-四氢吡咯 | tert-butyl pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 86953-79-9 | C9H17NO2 |
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1-Boc-哌啶 | t-butyl piperidinecarboxylate | 75844-69-8 | C10H19NO2 |
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1-Boc-6-硝基吲哚啉 | tert-butyl 6-nitroindoline-1-carboxylate | 129487-99-6 | C13H16N2O4 |
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1-Boc-4-羟基-4-哌啶羧酸 | 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine-4-carboxylic acid | 495414-64-7 | C11H19NO5 |
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1-Boc-4-甲烷磺酰氧基哌啶 | 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl methanesulfonate | 141699-59-4 | C11H21NO5S |
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1-Boc-4-氟-4-哌啶甲酸 | 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-fluoropiperidine-4-carboxylic acid | 614731-04-3 | C11H18FNO4 |
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1-Boc-4-哌啶氧乙酸 | 4-(carboxymethoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 161948-70-5 | C12H21NO5 |
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1-Boc-4-乙氧基羰基甲氧基哌啶 | tert-butyl 4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 189889-45-0 | C14H25NO5 |
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1-Boc-4-(氰基乙酰基)哌啶 | tert-butyl 4-(2-cyanoacetyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 660406-84-8 | C13H20N2O3 |
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1-Boc-4-(5-甲基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)哌啶 | tert-butyl 4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 280110-69-2 | C13H21N3O3 |
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