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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-methyl-1-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propan-2-ol 62812-22-0 C11H13F3O
    2-methyl-1-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propan-2-ol
    —— methyl 6-methoxy-2-vinylnicotinate 1384262-70-7 C10H11NO3
    methyl 6-methoxy-2-vinylnicotinate
    —— ethyl 2-(2-bromoethoxy)acetate 867351-24-4 C6H11BrO3
    ethyl 2-(2-bromoethoxy)acetate
    —— bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphinedihydrate dipotassium salt 308103-66-4 C18H13O6PS2*2K
    bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphinedihydrate dipotassium salt
    —— (S)-3-nitrophenylethylamine 90271-37-7 C8H10N2O2
    (S)-3-nitrophenylethylamine
    —— 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl tris(methylenephosphonic acid) 83834-39-3 C9H24N3O9P3
    1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl tris(methylenephosphonic acid)
    —— (1R)-(+)-2,10-camphorsultam 94594-90-8 C10H17NO2S
    (1R)-(+)-2,10-camphorsultam
    —— lithium acrylate 13270-28-5 C3H3O2*Li
    lithium acrylate
    —— (5E)-3-methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one 101151-17-1 C16H28O
    (5E)-3-methylcyclopentadec-5-en-1-one
    —— (S)-2-amino-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid 1228568-48-6 C9H8F3NO2
    (S)-2-amino-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid
    —— 6-bromo-chromen-4-one-3-propionic acid 870703-98-3 C12H9BrO4
    6-bromo-chromen-4-one-3-propionic acid
    —— (2S)-2-{[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoic acid 161345-77-3 C15H15NO5
    (2S)-2-{[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoic acid
    —— 2-ethoxycarbonylmethylthio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole 83123-75-5 C6H8N2O2S3
    2-ethoxycarbonylmethylthio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole
    —— isonicotinic acid cinnamylidenehydrazide 4813-11-0 C15H13N3O
    isonicotinic acid cinnamylidenehydrazide
    —— Atropin-N-oxid 4438-22-6 C17H23NO4
    Atropin-N-oxid
    —— N-(4-Bromo-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide 1009344-77-7 C13H15BrF3NO
    N-(4-Bromo-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide
    —— Silane, (1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethyl[(2-methyl-3-furanyl)methoxy]- 125214-88-2 C12H22O2Si
    Silane, (1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethyl[(2-methyl-3-furanyl)methoxy]-
    —— (2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid 6834-51-1 C10H11ClO4
    (2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— (1R)-1-cyclopropyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanamine hydrochloride 1160756-75-1 C5H8F3N*ClH
    (1R)-1-cyclopropyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanamine hydrochloride
    —— 2',3',5',6'-tetrafluoro-[1,1':4',1''-terphenyl]-3,3'',5,5''-tetracarboxylic acid 1119196-00-7 C22H10F4O8
    2',3',5',6'-tetrafluoro-[1,1':4',1''-terphenyl]-3,3'',5,5''-tetracarboxylic acid
    —— 6-(3-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole 92754-06-8 C12H10N2OS
    6-(3-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole
    —— (4-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol 1374868-77-5 C6H9BrN2O
    (4-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol
    —— 3-deuterio-aniline 50535-18-7 C6H7N
    3-deuterio-aniline
    —— ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate 917024-99-8 C8H8Cl2N2O2
    ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentan-1-one 286439-54-1 C12H16O2
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentan-1-one
    —— Caffeylalkohol 3598-26-3 C9H10O3
    Caffeylalkohol
    —— dipropylphenylphosphine oxide 66232-91-5 C12H19OP
    dipropylphenylphosphine oxide
    —— diazobarbituric acid 25157-64-6 C8H6N6O6
    diazobarbituric acid
    —— (2R,3R)-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide 1628106-94-4 Br*C22H32NO5
    (2R,3R)-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide
    —— (S)-2-bromo-5-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde 1198171-24-2 C13H15BrO4
    (S)-2-bromo-5-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde
    —— methyl 4-iodo-3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate 1092301-44-4 C6H6BrNO3
    methyl 4-iodo-3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 3-[1-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 681277-55-4 C27H28N4O3
    3-[1-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate 188723-33-3 C14H25NO4
    ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate
    —— Sn(naphthalocyanine) 110479-58-8 C48H24N8Sn
    Sn(naphthalocyanine)
    —— N-benzyloxycarbonyl-(4S)-fluoro-L-proline 72204-21-8 C13H14FNO4
    N-benzyloxycarbonyl-(4S)-fluoro-L-proline
    —— 2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(2-thienyl)-1-ethanone 305851-10-9 C12H9N3OS
    2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(2-thienyl)-1-ethanone
    —— 3-(aminomethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4(1H)-one hydrochloride 1643795-06-5 C8H12N2O*ClH
    3-(aminomethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4(1H)-one hydrochloride
    —— exo-norbornylamine 822-98-0 C7H13N
    exo-norbornylamine
    —— N<sup>7</sup>-Boc-cystosine-2-acetic acid 172405-16-2 C11H15N3O5
    N<sup>7</sup>-Boc-cystosine-2-acetic acid
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(4-chloro-pyridine-2,6-diyl)-bis-carbamic acid diethyl ester 63708-78-1 C11H14ClN3O4
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(4-chloro-pyridine-2,6-diyl)-bis-carbamic acid diethyl ester
    —— N-[2-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[(N<sup>4</sup>-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)cytosin-1-yl)acetyl]glycine 172405-61-7 C30H33N5O8
    N-[2-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[(N<sup>4</sup>-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)cytosin-1-yl)acetyl]glycine
    —— 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one 86949-84-0 C8H13NO
    3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one
    —— 5,6-dichloro-2-benzothiazolamine 24072-75-1 C9H8Cl2N2S
    5,6-dichloro-2-benzothiazolamine
    —— 4-[(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzohydrazide 1236355-89-7 C13H20N4O
    4-[(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzohydrazide
    —— Benzyl-dimethyl-phosphinoxid 18629-11-3 C9H13OP
    Benzyl-dimethyl-phosphinoxid
    —— Isobutane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride 15444-85-6 C4H14N2*2Cl
    Isobutane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride
    —— 4,7-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene 1391908-40-9 C8H4Br2S
    4,7-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene
    —— 2-<(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio>ethanol 5396-50-9 C6H14OS
    2-<(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio>ethanol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-nitrobenzaldehyde 144683-49-8 C8H7NO5
    3-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-nitrobenzaldehyde
    —— Azaserine 115-02-6 C5H7N3O4
    Azaserine