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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol sodium 2444-90-8 C15H16O2*Na
    4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol sodium
    —— 2-(8-amino-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)acetic acid 889949-15-9 C10H17NO4
    2-(8-amino-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)acetic acid
    —— (2R,4S)-1-(((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 913820-87-8 C20H18FNO4
    (2R,4S)-1-(((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Sodium 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]oxy]hexanoate hydrate 27297-39-8 C12H23NaO13
    Sodium 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]oxy]hexanoate hydrate
    —— 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanamine;chloride 373-88-6 C2H4F3N*Cl
    2,2,2-Trifluoroethanamine;chloride
    —— Glycine, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:4:4) 6381-92-6 C10H18N2NaO9
    Glycine, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:4:4)
    —— 20624-25-3 C5H13NNaOS2
    —— (2,6-Dimethyl-morpholin-4-YL)-acetic acid hydrochloride 142893-66-1 C8H16ClNO3
    (2,6-Dimethyl-morpholin-4-YL)-acetic acid hydrochloride
    —— 4-(Furan-2-yl)aniline hydrochloride 59147-02-3 C10H10ClNO
    4-(Furan-2-yl)aniline hydrochloride
    —— 10,11-dimethoxy-4a,5,5a,7,8,13a,15,15a,15b,16-decahydro-2H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinolin-14-one;sulfuric acid;heptahydrate 5787-00-8 C46H68N4O19S
    10,11-dimethoxy-4a,5,5a,7,8,13a,15,15a,15b,16-decahydro-2H-4,6-methanoindolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinolin-14-one;sulfuric acid;heptahydrate
    —— Chromate(3-), bis[3-(hydroxy-kappaO)-4-[2-[2-(hydroxy-kappaO)-1-naphthalenyl]diazenyl-kappaN1]-1-naphthalenesulfonato(3-)]-, sodium hydrogen (1:2:1) 12392-64-2 C40H23CrN4Na2O10S2
    Chromate(3-), bis[3-(hydroxy-kappaO)-4-[2-[2-(hydroxy-kappaO)-1-naphthalenyl]diazenyl-kappaN1]-1-naphthalenesulfonato(3-)]-, sodium hydrogen (1:2:1)
    —— Samarium triacetate 17829-86-6 C6H12O6Sm
    Samarium triacetate
    —— Copper;4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate 13395-16-9 C10H14CuO4
    Copper;4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate
    —— 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol 67-04-9 C22H32N2O10
    2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— Germanicyl acetate 10483-91-7 C32H54O2
    Germanicyl acetate
    —— IracacCOD 12154-84-6 C13H16IrO2
    IracacCOD
    —— Potassium sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate(3:3:2) 85187-43-5 C12H10K3Na3O14
    Potassium sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate(3:3:2)
    —— 5'-Adenylic acid, 2'-deoxy-, disodium salt 2922-74-9 C10H12N5Na2O6P
    5'-Adenylic acid, 2'-deoxy-, disodium salt
    —— Tetrasodium 3-((4-((((4-((2-amino-8-hydroxy-6-sulphonato-1-naphthyl)azo)-3-sulphonatophenyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo)-4-hydroxy-7-(phenylamino)naphthalene-2-sulphonate 6771-82-0 C108H68N29Na4O48S13-9
    Tetrasodium 3-((4-((((4-((2-amino-8-hydroxy-6-sulphonato-1-naphthyl)azo)-3-sulphonatophenyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo)-4-hydroxy-7-(phenylamino)naphthalene-2-sulphonate
    —— zirconium tetraphenolate 13242-21-2 4C6H5O*Zr
    zirconium tetraphenolate
    —— Einecs 249-702-0 73602-61-6 C6H15FN-
    Einecs 249-702-0
    —— N-(1-Hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-2-stearoyloxyethyl)stearamide 60209-70-3 C40H79NO4
    N-(1-Hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-2-stearoyloxyethyl)stearamide
    —— Glycine, N-(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt 206886-68-2 C20H33N2NaO7-2
    Glycine, N-(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(1-oxododecyl)-, sodium salt
    —— Tri(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium dihydrogen orthoborate 10220-75-4 C6H16BNO6
    Tri(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium dihydrogen orthoborate
    —— 3-Phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate 75431-54-8 C10H17N5O10P2
    3-Phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate
    —— Amino tris(methylene phosphonic acid), potassium salt (1:x) 27794-93-0 C3H9K3NO9P3
    Amino tris(methylene phosphonic acid), potassium salt (1:x)
    —— Tris(eta5-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)erbium 39330-74-0 C15H18Er+3
    Tris(eta5-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)erbium
    —— 4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-iodopyridine 1184914-20-2 C5H2ClFIN
    4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-iodopyridine
    —— 1,4-Dithia-7-azaspiro[4,4]nonane-8-carboxylic acid hydrobromide 75776-79-3 C7H12BrNO2S2
    1,4-Dithia-7-azaspiro[4,4]nonane-8-carboxylic acid hydrobromide
    —— 3a,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-11,20-dione 566-03-0 C21H32O4
    3a,21-Dihydroxy-5b-pregnane-11,20-dione
    —— Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, zirconium salt (1:?) 22464-99-9 C16H30O4Zr
    Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, zirconium salt (1:?)
    —— 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenyl acrylate 33791-58-1 C13H16O2
    3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenyl acrylate
    —— methyl (2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate 62812-42-4 C19H22O9S
    methyl (2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate
    —— Titanium acetylacetonate 97281-09-9 C20H32O8Ti
    Titanium acetylacetonate
    —— sodium (1R,4aR,4bR,10aR)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate 14351-66-7 C20H29NaO2
    sodium (1R,4aR,4bR,10aR)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate
    —— 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-amine dihydrochloride 947763-34-0 C6H13Cl2N3
    1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-amine dihydrochloride
    —— (E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;zinc 14024-63-6 C10H16O4Zn
    (E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;zinc
    —— (E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;palladium 14024-61-4 C10H16O4Pd
    (E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;palladium
    —— (R)-3-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)phenol 2,3-dihydroxysuccinate 17162-39-9 C13H19NO8
    (R)-3-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)phenol 2,3-dihydroxysuccinate
    —— (E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese 14024-58-9 C10H16MnO4
    (E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese
    —— (E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;nickel 3264-82-2 C10H16NiO4
    (E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;nickel
    —— 2-(2-Methyl-1-piperidinyl)nicotinic acid 1019461-43-8 C12H16N2O2
    2-(2-Methyl-1-piperidinyl)nicotinic acid
    —— Hydroxydicyclopentadiene 37275-49-3 C10H14O
    Hydroxydicyclopentadiene
    —— (2,5-Dichloropentyl)ammonium chloride 62922-45-6 C5H11Cl3N-
    (2,5-Dichloropentyl)ammonium chloride
    —— (S)-2-(4-Iodobenzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride 1217613-78-9 C12H15ClINO2
    (S)-2-(4-Iodobenzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
    —— Potassium L-tartrate monobasic, 99% 921-53-9 C4H6KO6
    Potassium L-tartrate monobasic, 99%
    —— 16674-78-5 C2H6MgO3
    —— 6487-48-5 C2H4KO5
    —— (2R,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1161931-71-0 C10H20N2O3
    (2R,4R)-4-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)propan-1-amine hydrochloride 473733-16-3 C9H11F2N*ClH
    (R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)propan-1-amine hydrochloride