有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(2S)-N-甲基-2-哌啶甲醇 | (S)-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methanol | 136030-04-1 | C7H15NO |
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(2S)-6-氨基-2-羟基己酸 | (S)-6-Amino-2-hydroxyhexanoic acid | 42491-84-9 | C6H13NO3 |
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(2S)-4-叔丁氧羰基氨基-2-羟基丁酸 | (S)-4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-hydroxybutanoic acid | 207305-60-0 | C9H17NO5 |
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(2S)-3-溴-2-羟基-2-甲基丙酸 | (S)-3-bromo-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid | 106089-20-7 | C4H7BrO3 |
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(2S)-2-甲氧基-3-(十八烷氧基)-1-丙醇 | 2-O-methyl-1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol | 83167-59-3 | C22H46O3 |
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(2S)-2-甲氧基-1-丙醇 | 2-methoxypropanol | 1589-47-5 | C4H10O2 |
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(2S)-2-甲基-2-吡咯烷鎓羧酸酯 | 2-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 16277-06-8 | C6H11NO2 |
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(2S)-2-甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-吲哚 | (S)-2-methylindoline | 22160-09-4 | C9H11N |
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(2S)-2-氨基-8-壬烯酸 | (S)-2-amino-8-nonenoic acid | 924307-76-6 | C9H17NO2 |
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(2S)-2-氨基-6-氧代-6-苯基甲氧基己酸 | (S)-2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)-6-oxohexanoic acid | 38658-15-0 | C13H17NO4 |
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(2S)-2-氨基-4-(甲硫基)-N-2-萘基-丁酰胺 | Met-βNA | 7424-16-0 | C15H18N2OS |
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(2S)-2-氨基-3-甲基-3-亚磺酸基丁酸 | D-Penicillaminsulfinsaeure | 23315-18-6 | C5H11NO4S |
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(2S)-2-氨基-2-(4-氟苯基)乙醇 | (S)-2-amino-2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanol | 224434-01-9 | C8H10FNO |
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(2S)-2-吡咯烷基(1-吡咯烷基)甲酮 | L-prolylpyrrolidine | 41721-00-0 | C9H16N2O |
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(2S)-2-叠氮基-3-甲基丁酸 | azidovaline | 40224-47-3 | C5H9N3O2 |
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(2S)-2-[二苯基[(三甲基硅酯)氧基]甲基]-吡咯烷 | (2S)-2-{diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl}pyrrolidine | 848821-58-9 | C20H27NOSi |
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(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-氨基-3-羟基-3-氧代丙基]氨基]-3-羟基-3-氧代丙基]氨基]丁二酸 | aspergillomarasmine A | 3484-65-9 | C10H17N3O8 |
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(2S)-2-[(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]-3-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)苯基]丙酸甲酯 | methyl (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanoate | 220587-29-1 | C21H32BNO6 |
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(2S)-2-(溴甲基)-环氧乙烷 | (S)-epibromohydrin | 96479-96-8 | C3H5BrO |
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(2S)-2-(氯甲基)-1,4-二噁螺[4.5]癸烷 | (S)-2-(Chloromethyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane | 1098589-87-7 | C9H15ClO2 |
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(2S)-2-(乙酰氨基)-N,3-二甲基-丁酰胺 | N-acetyl-N'-methyl-L-valinamide | 19701-84-9 | C8H16N2O2 |
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(2S)-2-(4-(Beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖基氧基)苯基)-2,3-二氢-5,7-二羟基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮 | naringenin 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 81202-36-0 | C21H22O10 |
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(2S)-1-[(1,1-二甲基乙氧基)羰基]-2-哌啶乙酸 | (S)-2-{1-[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]piperidin-2-yl}acetic acid | 159898-10-9 | C12H21NO4 |
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(2S)-1-(4-吗啉基)-2-[(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基]-1-丙酮 | 4-<(2S)-2-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)propionyl>morpholine | 135206-86-9 | C12H21NO4 |
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(2S)-1,4-二恶烷-2-甲醇 | (S)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methanol | 406913-93-7 | C5H10O3 |
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(2R,6S)-1,1-二乙基-2,6-二甲基哌啶鎓氢氧化物 | N,N-Diethyl-cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidiumhydroxide | 244048-96-2 | C11H25NO |
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(2R,5s)-2,5-二甲基吗啉 | (2R,5S)-2,5-dimethylmorpholine | 1130053-86-9 | C6H13NO |
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(2R,5r)-2,5-二甲基吗啉 | (2R,5R)-2,5-dimethylmorpholine | 1130061-44-7 | C6H13NO |
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(2R,5R)-5-羟基-2-甲基哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (2R,5R)-5-hydroxy-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate | 1431473-05-0 | C11H21NO3 |
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(2R,5R)-5-羟基-1,3-氧硫杂环-2-羧酸 (1R,2S,5R)-5-甲基-2-异丙基环己酯 | (2R,5R)-5-hydroxy-1,3-oxathiolane-2-carboxylic acid (1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexyl ester | 147126-62-3 | C14H24O4S |
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(2R,5R)-5-(羟甲基)-2-甲基哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (2R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate | 1403898-64-5 | C11H22N2O3 |
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(2R,5R)-2,5-己二醇 | (2R,5R)-2,5-hexanediol | 17299-07-9 | C6H14O2 |
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(2R,5R)-2,5-二苯基吡咯烷 | (R,R)-2,5-diphenylpyrrolidine | 155155-73-0 | C16H17N |
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(2R,4S)-4-氟-1,2-吡咯烷二羧酸-1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)酯 | (2R,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 681128-50-7 | C10H16FNO4 |
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(2R,4S)-4-ALLOC-氨基-1-FMOC-吡咯烷-2-羧酸 | (2R,4S)-4-Alloc-amino-1-Fmoc-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 549534-58-9 | C24H24N2O6 |
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(2R,4R)-4-氨基-2-(羟甲基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯盐酸盐 | (2R,4R)-1-Boc-2-Hydroxymethyl-4-aminopyrrolidine hydrochloride | 1161931-71-0 | C10H21ClN2O3 |
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(2R,4R)-4-氨基-1,2-哌啶二甲酸 1-叔丁基 2-甲基酯 | 1-(tert-butyl) 2-methyl 4-aminopiperidine-1,2-dicarboxylate | 778646-95-0 | C12H22N2O4 |
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(2R,4R)-3-苄氧羰基-4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-恶唑烷-5-酮 | benzyl (2R,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-phenyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate | 143564-89-0 | C18H17NO4 |
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(2R,4R)-2,4-吡咯烷二甲酸 | (2R,4R)-2,4-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid | 130830-78-3 | C6H9NO4 |
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(2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-甲醇哌啶-3,4,5-三醇盐酸盐 | migalastat hydrochloride | 75172-81-5 | C6H13NO4*ClH |
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(2R,3S)-3-甲基-2-{2-[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]-2-氧代乙基}戊酸 | 2-Sec-butyl-succinic acid 4-tert-butyl ester | 692778-50-0 | C12H22O4 |
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(2R,3S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-1-氯-2-羟基-4-苯基丁烷 | 1,1-dimethylethyl [(2S,3R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]carbamate | 162536-40-5 | C15H22ClNO3 |
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(2R,3S)-2-羟基-3-甲基戊酸 | (2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid | 70748-47-9 | C6H12O3 |
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(2R,3S)-2,3,4-三羟基-3-甲基丁基磷酸二氢酯 | 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphoric acid | 206440-72-4 | C5H13O7P |
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(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(乙酰氧基甲基)-6-氨基四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三乙基三乙酸酯 | Ac4-β-D-Man-NH2 | 41355-50-4 | C14H21NO9 |
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(2R,3R)-3-乙氧羰基环氧乙烷-2-羧酸 | (2R,3R)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid | 93061-20-2 | C6H8O5 |
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(2R,3R)-3-[(t-丁氧羰基)氨基]-4-苯基-1,2-环氧丁烷 | tert-butyl [(2R,3R)]-(-)-(1-oxiranyl-2-phenylethyl)carbamate | 156474-21-4 | C15H21NO3 |
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(2R,3R)-2,3-双[(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氧基]丁二酸和(3R,4R)-N,4-二甲基-1-(苯基甲基)-3-哌啶胺的化合物 | (3R,4R)-1-Benzyl-N,4-dimethylpiperidin-3-amine ((2R,3R)-2,3-bis((4-methylbenzoyl)oxy)succinate) (2:1) | 477600-71-8 | C48H62N4O8 |
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(2R,3R)-1-(二甲基氨基)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-3-戊醇盐酸盐 | (+)-(2R,3R)-1-dimethylamino-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpentan-3-ol hydrochloride | 175774-12-6 | C15H25NO2*ClH |
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(2R)-N-甲基-2-哌啶甲醇 | (2R)-N-methyl-2-piperidinemethanol | 68474-13-5 | C7H15NO |
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