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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,3'-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide 905-96-4 C21H21N2O2*I
    3,3'-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide
    —— N-Methylfulleropyrrolidine 151872-44-5 C63H7N
    N-Methylfulleropyrrolidine
    —— 8-ethynyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane 96184-86-0 C10H14O2
    8-ethynyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane
    —— atogepant 1374248-81-3 C29H23F6N5O3
    atogepant
    —— N-Boc-L-cis-4-(n-propoxy)proline 146085-20-3 C13H23NO5
    N-Boc-L-cis-4-(n-propoxy)proline
    —— D-glucosamine hydrochloride 14131-62-5 C6H13NO5*ClH
    D-glucosamine hydrochloride
    —— methyl 2-(4-amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)acetate 192650-54-7 C9H10FNO2
    methyl 2-(4-amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)acetate
    —— magnesium 2-methylpropan-2-olate 32149-57-8 2C4H9O*Mg
    magnesium 2-methylpropan-2-olate
    —— N<sup>2</sup>-acetyl-9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine 84245-12-5 C11H15N5O5
    N<sup>2</sup>-acetyl-9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine
    —— N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-phenylmethoxyacetamide 177498-82-7 C12H17NO3
    N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-phenylmethoxyacetamide
    —— potassium 2-biphenylate 13707-65-8 C12H9O*K
    potassium 2-biphenylate
    —— Thiethylperazin 1179-69-7 C4H4O4*C22H29N3S2
    Thiethylperazin
    —— thiethylperazine maleate 1179-69-7 C4H4O4*C22H29N3S2
    thiethylperazine maleate
    —— 2-[[34-(Carboxymethoxy)-9,14,19,24,26,28,30,32-octamethoxy-4-hexacyclo[21.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21]pentatriaconta-1(26),3(35),4,6(34),8,10,13,15,18(29),19,21(28),23(27),24,30,32-pentadecaenyl]oxy]acetic acid 1593914-92-1 C47H50O14
    2-[[34-(Carboxymethoxy)-9,14,19,24,26,28,30,32-octamethoxy-4-hexacyclo[21.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21]pentatriaconta-1(26),3(35),4,6(34),8,10,13,15,18(29),19,21(28),23(27),24,30,32-pentadecaenyl]oxy]acetic acid
    —— Gefitinib hydrochloride 184475-56-7 C22H24ClFN4O3*ClH
    Gefitinib hydrochloride
    —— ethyl 2-chloro[(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazono]acetate 27143-09-5 C10H10Cl2N2O2
    ethyl 2-chloro[(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazono]acetate
    —— bismuth neodecanoate 34364-26-6 Bi*3C10H19O2
    bismuth neodecanoate
    —— glycidyl oleate 5431-33-4 C21H38O3
    glycidyl oleate
    —— iron oleate 1120-45-2 C54H99FeO6
    iron oleate
    —— methyl 6-bromo-2,2-dimethylhexanoate 92518-61-1 C9H17BrO2
    methyl 6-bromo-2,2-dimethylhexanoate
    —— lead(II) acetylacetonate 15282-88-9 C10H14O4Pb
    lead(II) acetylacetonate
    —— squaramide 473727-83-2 C21H23N3O5
    squaramide
    —— N-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl]-N'-benzyl-sulfamide 441797-42-8 C17H14BrClN4O2S
    N-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl]-N'-benzyl-sulfamide
    —— Methyl cis-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate 3618-03-9 C8H14O3
    Methyl cis-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— disodium 3-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonate 135-51-3 C10H6O7S2*2Na
    disodium 3-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonate
    —— sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate 67233-85-6 C7H6NO4*Na
    sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate
    —— 2-(4-(5,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetic acid 1044870-92-9 C20H20N2O6
    2-(4-(5,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetic acid
    —— 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carbonitrile 1121585-02-1 C3HN3S
    1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carbonitrile
    —— tert-butyl (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)acrylate 350490-15-2 C13H15BrO2
    tert-butyl (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)acrylate
    —— procyanidin B-2 digallate 79907-44-1 C44H34O20
    procyanidin B-2 digallate
    —— (2R)-1-methacryloylpyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid 106089-24-1 C9H13NO3
    (2R)-1-methacryloylpyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-[β-(prolylamido)-ethyl]-1H-imidazole 169283-82-3 C10H16N4O
    4-[β-(prolylamido)-ethyl]-1H-imidazole
    —— tert-butyl N-[(1S,3R)-3-aminocyclopentyl]carbamate 454709-98-9 C10H20N2O2
    tert-butyl N-[(1S,3R)-3-aminocyclopentyl]carbamate
    —— sodium difluoroacetate 2218-52-2 C2HF2O2*Na
    sodium difluoroacetate
    —— 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol 112281-82-0 C11H11Cl2N3O
    2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol
    —— 1-anilino-3-phenyliminopropene 4485-89-6 C15H14N2
    1-anilino-3-phenyliminopropene
    —— 4-chloro-α,α-dimethyl-2-ethoxymethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-1-ethanol 144876-01-7 C17H20ClN3O2
    4-chloro-α,α-dimethyl-2-ethoxymethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-1-ethanol
    —— 1-[2-(ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol 144875-99-0 C17H21N3O2
    1-[2-(ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol
    —— 814-71-1 C2H4CaO2S
    —— monopotassium α-ketoglutarate 997-43-3 C5H5O5*K
    monopotassium α-ketoglutarate
    —— 1-methoxy-4-((E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl)benzene 37629-51-9 C10H11NO3
    1-methoxy-4-((E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl)benzene
    —— Cobalt;octanoic acid 6700-85-2 C8H16CoO2
    Cobalt;octanoic acid
    —— 53007-37-7 C4H6NaO4
    —— Potassium hydrogen malate 585-09-1 C4H6KO5
    Potassium hydrogen malate
    —— benzyl (E)-2-oxo-4-phenylbut-3-enoate 887642-11-7 C17H14O3
    benzyl (E)-2-oxo-4-phenylbut-3-enoate
    —— 5908-80-5 C4H6BaO4
    —— Carbonic acid;thulium 6026-63-7 CH2O3Tm
    Carbonic acid;thulium
    —— 10043-22-8 C2H2KO4
    —— Carbonic acid;holmium 5895-51-2 CH2HoO3
    Carbonic acid;holmium
    —— 2,2′-((2,6)-1-methylpiperidine-2,6-diyl)bis(1-phenylethanone) hydrochloride 6168-88-3 C22H25NO2*ClH
    2,2′-((2,6)-1-methylpiperidine-2,6-diyl)bis(1-phenylethanone) hydrochloride