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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— bromozinc(1+),2,4-difluoro-1-methanidylbenzene 307496-26-0 C7H5BrF2Zn
    bromozinc(1+),2,4-difluoro-1-methanidylbenzene
    —— bis[(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dichloro-rhodium] 80215-76-5 C20H32Cl4Rh2
    bis[(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dichloro-rhodium]
    —— 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dithioglycolic acid 64499-89-4 C6H6N4O4S2
    1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dithioglycolic acid
    —— N,N-di-Boc-2-bromo-4-fluoroaniline 880384-48-5 C16H21BrFNO4
    N,N-di-Boc-2-bromo-4-fluoroaniline
    —— 2-(1-methylcyclobutyl)acetic acid 146723-08-2 C7H12O2
    2-(1-methylcyclobutyl)acetic acid
    —— 5858-58-2 C16H11N3NaO7S
    —— 4’-(bromomethyl)-3-fluoro-1,1‘-biphenyl 1124219-64-2 C13H10BrF
    4’-(bromomethyl)-3-fluoro-1,1‘-biphenyl
    —— Iron;sulfamic acid 14017-39-1 FeH3NO3S
    Iron;sulfamic acid
    —— 2-bromo-butane; radical cation 78-76-2 C4H9Br
    2-bromo-butane; radical cation
    —— 34156-56-4 CH5NaO6P
    —— chlorozinc(1+),1-methanidyl-2-methylbenzene 312693-19-9 C8H9ClZn
    chlorozinc(1+),1-methanidyl-2-methylbenzene
    —— [3']uridylic acid 84-53-7 C9H13N2O9P
    [3']uridylic acid
    —— 4-Chloro-2-cyclopropylpyrimidine 1044771-74-5 C7H7ClN2
    4-Chloro-2-cyclopropylpyrimidine
    —— N1,5-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine 858003-75-5 C8H11N3O2
    N1,5-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine
    —— Benzyl 4-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate 1361938-37-5 C15H13BrO3
    Benzyl 4-bromo-2-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate
    —— 2,2'-dicyano-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid 1052137-51-5 C16H8N2O4
    2,2'-dicyano-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid
    —— ethiprole sulfone amide 855999-82-5 C13H11Cl2F3N4O3S
    ethiprole sulfone amide
    —— benzyl N-{tris[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethoxymethyl]methyl}carbamate 220431-66-3 C27H41NO11
    benzyl N-{tris[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethoxymethyl]methyl}carbamate
    —— [4-nitro-3-(nitromethyl)butyl]benzene 757237-59-5 C11H14N2O4
    [4-nitro-3-(nitromethyl)butyl]benzene
    —— methyl 6-iodo-2-naphthoate 5042-98-8 C12H9IO2
    methyl 6-iodo-2-naphthoate
    —— [1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolidin-2-ylidene]-(3-phenylinden-1-ylidene)ruthenium;6-[(4-methylanilino)methylidene]-2-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;chloride 934538-04-2 C50H47ClN4O3Ru-2
    [1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolidin-2-ylidene]-(3-phenylinden-1-ylidene)ruthenium;6-[(4-methylanilino)methylidene]-2-nitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;chloride
    —— (Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrakis(carbonyloxy))tetrakis(tributylstannane) 5107-58-4 C58H110O8Sn4
    (Benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrakis(carbonyloxy))tetrakis(tributylstannane)
    —— A-D-Glucoheptonic acid sodium 10094-62-9 C7H16NaO9
    A-D-Glucoheptonic acid sodium
    —— benzyl (2-(5-methyl-1,1-dioxido-1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate 1261242-16-3 C13H19N3O4S
    benzyl (2-(5-methyl-1,1-dioxido-1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-2-yl)ethyl)carbamate
    —— 2-bromo-3,5-dimethylaniline 35490-76-7 C8H10BrN
    2-bromo-3,5-dimethylaniline
    —— 2-{[(3aR,7aR)-3-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3aH,4H,5H,6H,7H,7aH-cyclohexa[d]1,3-diaza-2-chromacyclopentan-1-ylidene]methyl}-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol chloride 164931-83-3 C36H54ClCrN2O2-
    2-{[(3aR,7aR)-3-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3aH,4H,5H,6H,7H,7aH-cyclohexa[d]1,3-diaza-2-chromacyclopentan-1-ylidene]methyl}-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol chloride
    —— ethyl 3-pentyloctanoate 1391911-53-7 C15H30O2
    ethyl 3-pentyloctanoate
    —— Ethyl 6-iodobenzofuran-2-carboxylate 1089681-88-8 C11H9IO3
    Ethyl 6-iodobenzofuran-2-carboxylate
    —— 2,3-O-Isopropyliden-2-C-methyl-5-O-p-toluolsulfonyl-D-ribo-pentonsaeure-γ-lacton 109715-12-0 C16H20O7S
    2,3-O-Isopropyliden-2-C-methyl-5-O-p-toluolsulfonyl-D-ribo-pentonsaeure-γ-lacton
    —— 1-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione 1445698-29-2 C7H8FNO2
    1-(3-fluoropropyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
    —— 2-allyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline 1151397-41-9 C10H10F3N
    2-allyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline
    —— 3,5-dibromo-4-iodopyridine 1214383-75-1 C5H2Br2IN
    3,5-dibromo-4-iodopyridine
    —— Isobutyl (3-phenylallyl) carbonate 884656-81-9 C14H18O3
    Isobutyl (3-phenylallyl) carbonate
    —— Isooctanoic acid, calcium salt 84777-61-7 C16H30CaO4
    Isooctanoic acid, calcium salt
    —— (2S,5R)-N'-acetyl-7-oxo-6-(sulfoxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide 1452459-52-7 C9H13N4O7S*Na
    (2S,5R)-N'-acetyl-7-oxo-6-(sulfoxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carbohydrazide
    —— 6054-81-5 C12H11N5NaO6S
    —— [<sup>13</sup>C]4-methylanisole 117923-70-3 C8H10O
    [<sup>13</sup>C]4-methylanisole
    —— 6-methoxyimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-2-carboxylic acid 64068-09-3 C8H7N3O3
    6-methoxyimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (tert-butylimido)tris(dimethylamido)niobium 69039-12-9 C10H27N4Nb
    (tert-butylimido)tris(dimethylamido)niobium
    —— 4-Nitro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-cyclohexanon 1768-10-1 C13H15NO4
    4-Nitro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenyl-cyclohexanon
    —— ethylbenzene,iodozinc(1+) 312693-04-2 C8H9IZn
    ethylbenzene,iodozinc(1+)
    —— 1-(3-Aminocyclohexyl)ethan-1-one hydrochloride 1955493-68-1 C8H16ClNO
    1-(3-Aminocyclohexyl)ethan-1-one hydrochloride
    —— ethyl 3-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)hex-2-enoate 60385-42-4 C11H22O3Si
    ethyl 3-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)hex-2-enoate
    —— 6-chloro-5-iodo-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-thione 1394373-25-1 C6H3ClIN3S
    6-chloro-5-iodo-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-thione
    —— Sodium 2-nitro-1,3-dioxopropan-2-ide hydrate 34461-00-2 C3H4NNaO5
    Sodium 2-nitro-1,3-dioxopropan-2-ide hydrate
    —— trans-4-Methoxycyclohexanol 22188-03-0 C7H14O2
    trans-4-Methoxycyclohexanol
    —— 1-[4-[(4-Ethenylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethanone 722493-50-7 C17H16O2
    1-[4-[(4-Ethenylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethanone
    —— <i>N</i>'-(3-chloro-pyrazin-2-yl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-formamidine 55904-40-0 C7H9ClN4
    <i>N</i>'-(3-chloro-pyrazin-2-yl)-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-formamidine
    —— N-methyl-N-[1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethyl]amine hydrochloride 1052544-06-5 C9H13ClN2O2
    N-methyl-N-[1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethyl]amine hydrochloride
    —— 3-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethylindolin-2-one 75116-29-9 C19H19NO3
    3-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethylindolin-2-one