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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-cyclopentylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 78343-35-8 C12H20O2
    1-cyclopentylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— ethyl 2-cyano-cyclopropanecarboxylate 699-23-0 C7H9NO2
    ethyl 2-cyano-cyclopropanecarboxylate
    —— tri(furan-2-yl)phosphine oxide 1021-20-1 C12H9O4P
    tri(furan-2-yl)phosphine oxide
    —— (5S)-5-ethylfuran-2(5H)-one 2407-43-4 C6H8O2
    (5S)-5-ethylfuran-2(5H)-one
    —— (1S,3R,4R,7S)-3-(6-N-benzoyladenine-9-yl)-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 209968-94-5 C18H17N5O5
    (1S,3R,4R,7S)-3-(6-N-benzoyladenine-9-yl)-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
    —— (E)-4-amino-N-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carbonimidoyl chloride 147085-13-0 C3H3ClN4O2
    (E)-4-amino-N-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carbonimidoyl chloride
    —— 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 285-68-7 C4H7NO
    6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
    —— 3,5-dichloro-1H-indole 120258-33-5 C8H5Cl2N
    3,5-dichloro-1H-indole
    —— benzofuran-6-amine 110677-54-8 C8H7NO
    benzofuran-6-amine
    —— (3R)-3-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)morpholine 74571-98-5 C12H17NO
    (3R)-3-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)morpholine
    —— Pt(NH3)4(hydrogencarbonate)2 123439-82-7 C2H14N4O6Pt
    Pt(NH3)4(hydrogencarbonate)2
    —— 1,3-bis(di-n-butylphosphino)-propane 131285-34-2 C19H42P2
    1,3-bis(di-n-butylphosphino)-propane
    —— (1R)-camphorquinone 465-29-2 C10H14O2
    (1R)-camphorquinone
    —— <i>cis</i>-4-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid 73094-35-6 C8H14O3
    <i>cis</i>-4-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
    —— 2-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbaldehyde 1268385-46-1 C11H6F2N2O2
    2-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbaldehyde
    —— (S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-ol 72487-06-0 C8H6ClF3O
    (S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-ol
    —— 2-iodo-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenol 405517-54-6 C7H4F3IO2
    2-iodo-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenol
    —— (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid 3-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-2-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]propyl ester 2190-28-5 C55H104O6
    (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid 3-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-2-[(1-oxooctadecyl)oxy]propyl ester
    —— succinic acid ; sodium-compound 6106-21-4 C4H5O4*3H2O*Na
    succinic acid ; sodium-compound
    —— ethyl 6-bromoheptanoate 116496-52-7 C10H19BrO2
    ethyl 6-bromoheptanoate
    —— endo-4-Azatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3,5-dion 3647-74-3 C9H9NO2
    endo-4-Azatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>dec-8-en-3,5-dion
    —— (S)-2-amino-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide 1217849-09-6 C15H15FN2O
    (S)-2-amino-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide
    —— (S)-tert-butyl 1-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yl)-2-phenylethylcarbamate 1187648-25-4 C23H24N4O5
    (S)-tert-butyl 1-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yl)-2-phenylethylcarbamate
    —— methyl 4-cyclopropyl-2-fluorobenzoate 1613413-65-2 C11H11FO2
    methyl 4-cyclopropyl-2-fluorobenzoate
    —— (3-((dimethylamino)methyl)oxetan-3-yl)methanol 42987-38-2 C7H15NO2
    (3-((dimethylamino)methyl)oxetan-3-yl)methanol
    —— 2-amino-5-(2'-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 109060-65-3 C8H6BrN3O
    2-amino-5-(2'-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— (3R,4S)-benzyl 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-methylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 1428243-39-3 C15H18BrNO3
    (3R,4S)-benzyl 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-methylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 6,6'-(2,2-bis((6-carboxynaphthalen-2-yloxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)di-2-naphthoic acid 1352998-95-8 C49H36O12
    6,6'-(2,2-bis((6-carboxynaphthalen-2-yloxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)di-2-naphthoic acid
    —— dipotassium 2-naphthol-6,8-disulfonate 842-18-2 C10H6O7S2*2K
    dipotassium 2-naphthol-6,8-disulfonate
    —— 2,3‐dibromo‐1,3‐diphenylpropan‐1‐one 611-91-6 C15H12Br2O
    2,3‐dibromo‐1,3‐diphenylpropan‐1‐one
    —— DO3A(GlyOt-Bu)3 914639-06-8 C32H59N7O9
    DO3A(GlyOt-Bu)3
    —— methyl ester of/the/ L(-)-2-bromo-caproic acid 5445-19-2 C7H13BrO2
    methyl ester of/the/ L(-)-2-bromo-caproic acid
    —— methylpiperidin-4-amine hydrochloride 1193-03-9 C6H14N2*ClH
    methylpiperidin-4-amine hydrochloride
    —— Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OMe 245088-56-6 C38H33NO4S
    Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OMe
    —— milvexian 1802425-99-5 C28H23Cl2F2N9O2
    milvexian
    —— benzyl(di-tert-butyl)phosphane 27286-19-7 C15H25P
    benzyl(di-tert-butyl)phosphane
    —— 1-ethyl 4-nitrophthalate 74090-06-5 C10H9NO6
    1-ethyl 4-nitrophthalate
    —— 2-iodo-4,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde 1094026-85-3 C9H9IO
    2-iodo-4,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde
    —— 20β<sub>F</sub>-acetoxy-pregn-4-en-3-one 5062-62-4 C23H34O3
    20β<sub>F</sub>-acetoxy-pregn-4-en-3-one
    —— 2,3-dichloro-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 41827-86-5 C8H6Cl2O2
    2,3-dichloro-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— tert-butyl 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate hydrochloride 1403676-97-0 C11H20N2O2*ClH
    tert-butyl 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate hydrochloride
    —— 2-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)phenol 934241-78-8 C7H7FO2
    2-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
    —— ethyl 2-(2H-indazol-2-yl)acetate 954116-90-6 C11H12N2O2
    ethyl 2-(2H-indazol-2-yl)acetate
    —— indazole radical cation 271-44-3 C7H6N2
    indazole radical cation
    —— (2S,4R)-4-dimethylamino-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 1163706-98-6 C8H16N2O2
    (2S,4R)-4-dimethylamino-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— ((2R,4S)-1-benzylazetidine-2,4-diyl)dimethanol 127310-66-1 C12H17NO2
    ((2R,4S)-1-benzylazetidine-2,4-diyl)dimethanol
    —— (R,R)-(-)-trans-2,3-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro<4.5>decane 123287-35-4 C34H34O4
    (R,R)-(-)-trans-2,3-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro<4.5>decane
    —— (4-methoxyphenyl) 4-pentylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate 67589-52-0 C19H28O3
    (4-methoxyphenyl) 4-pentylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate
    —— 1-(Bromomethyl)-4-propyl-trans-cyclohexane 71458-12-3 C10H19Br
    1-(Bromomethyl)-4-propyl-trans-cyclohexane
    —— (4-ethoxyphenyl) 4-butylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate 67589-47-3 C19H28O3
    (4-ethoxyphenyl) 4-butylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate