有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-(十二烷氧基)乙醇硫酸氢钠 | 15826-16-1 | C14H30NaO5S |
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2-(十二基硫代)乙酰胺 | 2-(Dodecylthio)acetamide | 10220-53-8 | C14H29NOS |
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2-(全氟辛基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate | 1996-88-9 | C14H9F17O2 |
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2-(全氟癸基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,12-henicosafluorododecyl methacrylate | 2144-54-9 | C16H9F21O2 |
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2-(全氟己基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl 2-methylpropenoate | 2144-53-8 | C12H9F13O2 |
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2-(全氟丁基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6,-nonafluorohexyl methacrylate | 1799-84-4 | C10H9F9O2 |
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2-(全氟丁基)乙基丙烯酸酯 | perfluorobutylethyl acrylate | 52591-27-2 | C9H7F9O2 |
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2-(五氟苯基)乙醇 | 2-(pentafluorophenyl)ethanol | 653-31-6 | C8H5F5O |
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2-(二苯基膦酰基)乙胺 | (2-aminoethyl)diphenylphosphine oxide | 33921-17-4 | C14H16NOP |
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2-(二苯基膦基)乙胺 | (2-aminoethyl)diphenylphosphane | 4848-43-5 | C14H16NP |
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2-(二苯基膦)苯胺 | (2-diphenylphosphino)benzeneamine | 65423-44-1 | C18H16NP |
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2-(二苯基膦)苯甲醛肟 | 2-(Diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde oxime | 153358-05-5 | C19H16NOP |
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2-(二甲氨基甲基)-4-(2-氨乙基硫甲基)噻唑 | 4-[[(2-aminoethyl)thio]-methyl]-N,N-dimethyl-2-thiazolemethanamine | 78441-62-0 | C9H17N3S2 |
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2-(二甲基氨基)环己烷-1-醇 | 2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexanol | 30727-29-8 | C8H17NO |
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2-(二甲基氨基)-乙醇盐酸盐 | 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride | 2498-25-1 | C4H12NO*Cl |
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2-(二甲基氨基)-4-嘧啶甲腈 | 2-dimethylaminopyrimidine-4-carbonitrile | 79605-00-8 | C7H8N4 |
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2-(二环己基膦酰基)-1-苯基-1H-吡咯 | N–phenyl–2–(dicyclohexylphosphino)pyrrole | 672937-60-9 | C22H30NP |
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2-(二环己基膦基)联苯 | CyJohnPhos | 247940-06-3 | C24H31P |
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2-(二环己基膦基)-2’-羟基联苯基 | 2-hydroxy-2′-dicyclohexylphosphinobiphenyl | 304435-67-4 | C24H31OP |
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2-(二环己基膦)3,6-二甲氧基-2′,4′,6′-三异丙基-1,1′-联苯 | BrettPhos | 1070663-78-3 | C35H53O2P |
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2-(二溴甲基)-5-硝基乙酸苯酯 | 1-acetoxy-2-dibromomethyl-5-nitrobenzene | 99067-39-7 | C9H7Br2NO4 |
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2-(二氯甲基)苯并咪唑 | 2-(dichloromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole | 5466-57-9 | C8H6Cl2N2 |
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2-(二氟甲氧基)苯胺 | 2-(difluoromethoxy)aniline | 22236-04-0 | C7H7F2NO |
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2-(二氟甲氧基)苯甲醇 | 2-Difluormethoxybenzylalkohol | 72768-94-6 | C8H8F2O2 |
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2-(二氟甲氧基)苯甲酸 | 2-(difluoromethoxy)benzoic acid | 97914-59-5 | C8H6F2O3 |
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2-(二氟甲氧基)溴苄 | 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(difluoromethoxy)-benzene | 85684-64-6 | C8H7BrF2O |
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2-(二氟甲氧基)异烟酸 | 2-difluoromethoxyisonicotinic acid | 1211581-51-9 | C7H5F2NO3 |
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2-(二氟甲基)苯甲醛 | 2-(difluoromethyl)benzaldehyde | 1018678-50-6 | C8H6F2O |
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2-(二氟甲基)-6-氟吡啶 | 2-fluoro-6-difluoromethylpyridine | 387398-49-4 | C6H4F3N |
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2-(二异丙基膦)乙胺 | 2-(diisopropylphosphino)ethanamine | 1053657-14-9 | C8H20NP |
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2-(二叔丁基膦)联苯 | johnphos | 224311-51-7 | C20H27P |
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2-(二乙醇胺基)乙磺酸钠 | sodium N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate | 66992-27-6 | C6H14NO5S*Na |
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2-(二乙氧基膦)乙酸乙酯 | Diethyl (ethoxyacetyl)phosphonate | 30492-56-9 | C8H17O5P |
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2-(二乙基氨基)乙基2-苯基丁酸酯盐酸盐 | 2-phenyl-butyric acid-(2-diethylamino-ethyl ester); hydrochloride | 15533-77-4 | C16H25NO2*ClH |
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2-(二丁基氨基)乙基 2-甲基丙-2-烯酸酯 | ((dimethylbutylamino)ethyl) methacrylate | 2397-75-3 | C14H27NO2 |
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2-(二-叔丁基磷)-3-甲氧基-6-甲基-2'4'6'-三异丙基-联苯 | Rockphos | 1262046-34-3 | C31H49OP |
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2-(乙酰氨基)-2-脱氧-4-O-[3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-(乙酰氨基)-2-脱氧-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-alpha-D-吡喃葡萄糖 1,3,6-三乙酸酯 | chitobiose octaacetate | 7284-18-6 | C28H40N2O17 |
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2-(乙硫基)乙胺 | 2-(ethylthio)ethylamine | 36489-03-9 | C4H11NS |
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2-(乙烯基氧基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯 | 2-vinyloxyethyl methacrylate | 1464-69-3 | C8H12O3 |
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2-(乙氧羰基)乙基三苯基溴化磷 | (β-Aethoxycarbonyl-aethyl)-triphenyl-phosphonium-bromid | 42843-94-7 | Br*C23H24O2P |
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2-(乙氧甲基)四氢呋喃 | ethyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ether | 62435-71-6 | C7H14O2 |
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2-(乙氧基羰基)苯基异氰酸酯 | 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl isocyanate | 76393-16-3 | C10H9NO3 |
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2-(乙氧基羰基)-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸 | 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid | 1196887-15-6 | C7H8N2O4 |
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2-(乙基硫代)-2-咪唑啉 | 2-(ethylthio)imidazoline | 7320-60-7 | C5H10N2S |
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2-(乙基硫代)-1-苯基乙酮 | 2-(ethylthio)-1-phenylethanone | 10271-55-3 | C10H12OS |
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2-(乙基氨基)乙酸甲酯盐酸盐 | methyl N-ethylglycinate hydrochloride | 1121527-61-4 | C5H11NO2*ClH |
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2-(丙氨基)乙醇 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-propylamine | 16369-21-4 | C5H13NO |
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2-(三苯甲游基硫代)乙酸 | 2-(triphenylmethylthio)ethanoic acid | 34914-36-8 | C21H18O2S |
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2-(三苯基正膦基)丙醛 | 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)propionaldehyde | 24720-64-7 | C21H19OP |
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2-(三甲硅基)苯酚 | o-(trimethylsilyl)phenol | 15288-53-6 | C9H14OSi |
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