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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-phenylphosphinane oxide 4963-95-5 C11H15OP
    1-phenylphosphinane oxide
    —— 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one 50342-17-1 C9H9BrO2
    1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one
    —— potassium octanoate 764-71-6 C8H15O2*K
    potassium octanoate
    —— Cyttp 70786-89-9 C36H61P3
    Cyttp
    —— 1-phenylphospholane-1-oxide 4963-91-1 C10H13OP
    1-phenylphospholane-1-oxide
    —— 3,3'-Spirobi[2,4-dioxa-3-boranuidabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-1(10),6,8-triene]-5,5'-dione;tributylazanium 22450-96-0 C26H36BNO6
    3,3'-Spirobi[2,4-dioxa-3-boranuidabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-1(10),6,8-triene]-5,5'-dione;tributylazanium
    —— 4-(pentafluoroethyl)phenol 95881-25-7 C8H5F5O
    4-(pentafluoroethyl)phenol
    —— (3-fluorophenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide 54300-35-5 C18H14FOP
    (3-fluorophenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide
    —— Diisobutylalan 1191-15-7 C8H18Al
    Diisobutylalan
    —— N-[3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]-6-[5-[(2-methylsulfonylethylamino)methyl]furan-2-yl]quinazolin-4-amine;4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid;hydrate 388082-78-8 C57H60ClFN4O17S5
    N-[3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]-6-[5-[(2-methylsulfonylethylamino)methyl]furan-2-yl]quinazolin-4-amine;4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid;hydrate
    —— 4-(diphenylphosphoryl)benzonitrile 795-44-8 C19H17O2P
    4-(diphenylphosphoryl)benzonitrile
    —— N-((1R,2R)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl)methanesulfonamide 511534-44-4 C15H18N2O2S
    N-((1R,2R)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl)methanesulfonamide
    —— Ac-Ala-Gly 23506-52-7 C7H12N2O4
    Ac-Ala-Gly
    —— (4-chlorophenyl)dimethyl(vinyl)silane 66259-06-1 C10H13ClSi
    (4-chlorophenyl)dimethyl(vinyl)silane
    —— (Z,Z)-farnesyl acetone 3796-69-8 C18H30O
    (Z,Z)-farnesyl acetone
    —— N-Carbobenzoxy-S-diphenyl-methyl-L-cystein 53957-20-3 C24H23NO4S
    N-Carbobenzoxy-S-diphenyl-methyl-L-cystein
    —— (22S)-22-hydroxylanosterol 35963-37-2 C30H50O2
    (22S)-22-hydroxylanosterol
    —— 4c,4't-methanediyl-bis-cyclohex-r-ylamine 6693-30-7 C13H26N2
    4c,4't-methanediyl-bis-cyclohex-r-ylamine
    —— allyl 3-phenyl-2-propynoate 29577-34-2 C12H10O2
    allyl 3-phenyl-2-propynoate
    —— 7,9-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-7H-acenaphtho[1,2-d]imidazol-9-ium chloride 1246183-55-0 C37H41N2*Cl
    7,9-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-7H-acenaphtho[1,2-d]imidazol-9-ium chloride
    —— ethyl (2,3-difluoro-4-nitrophenyl)acetate 317356-84-6 C10H9F2NO4
    ethyl (2,3-difluoro-4-nitrophenyl)acetate
    —— 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 4-chlorobenzoate 68388-09-0 C11H8ClNO4
    2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 4-chlorobenzoate
    —— 2-(dimethoxymethyl)naphthalene 77196-31-7 C13H14O2
    2-(dimethoxymethyl)naphthalene
    —— bis(2-diethylphosphinoethyl)amine 123695-26-1 C12H29NP2
    bis(2-diethylphosphinoethyl)amine
    —— (R)-serine ethyl ester 145937-64-0 C5H11NO3
    (R)-serine ethyl ester
    —— potassium 3-sulfopropylacrylate 31098-20-1 C6H9O5S*K
    potassium 3-sulfopropylacrylate
    —— Diisopropyl-phosphoramidous acid (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-[bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxymethyl]-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-ethoxy]-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester 2-cyano-ethyl ester 853748-56-8 C43H51F3N5O10P
    Diisopropyl-phosphoramidous acid (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-[bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxymethyl]-5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetylamino)-ethoxy]-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester 2-cyano-ethyl ester
    —— 1-dodecyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole 875233-79-7 C18H33N
    1-dodecyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole
    —— 1-(4-(hexyloxy)phenyl)-2-phenylethanone 875816-13-0 C20H24O2
    1-(4-(hexyloxy)phenyl)-2-phenylethanone
    —— (cyanomethyl)trimethylphosphonium iodide 42843-99-2 C5H11NP*I
    (cyanomethyl)trimethylphosphonium iodide
    —— (2,4-dimethylphenyl)(phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride 1422169-56-9 C15H17N*ClH
    (2,4-dimethylphenyl)(phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride
    —— sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate 2702-72-9 C8H5Cl2O3*Na
    sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate
    —— methane cation radical 74-82-8 CH4
    methane cation radical
    —— tetrabutylammonium trifluoroacetate 39481-22-6 C2F3O2*C16H36N
    tetrabutylammonium trifluoroacetate
    —— <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-ethyl-DL-asparagine 7495-73-0 C6H12N2O3
    <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-ethyl-DL-asparagine
    —— potassium 4-nitrophenyl sulfate 6217-68-1 C6H4NO6S*K
    potassium 4-nitrophenyl sulfate
    —— dimethylaluminum isopropoxide 6063-89-4 C5H13AlO
    dimethylaluminum isopropoxide
    —— ethyl acetoacetate aluminium di-iso-propylate 14782-75-3 C12H23AlO5
    ethyl acetoacetate aluminium di-iso-propylate
    —— aluminum palmitate 555-35-1 Al*3C16H31O2
    aluminum palmitate
    —— carbidopa 4’-monophosphate 1907685-81-7 C10H15N2O7P
    carbidopa 4’-monophosphate
    —— 1,2-bis(dicyclopentylphosphino)ethane 111848-16-9 C22H40P2
    1,2-bis(dicyclopentylphosphino)ethane
    —— glutaconaldehyde dianilide monohydrochloride 13959-24-5 C17H16N2*ClH
    glutaconaldehyde dianilide monohydrochloride
    —— sodium trihydrogen (1-hydroxyethylidene)bisphosphonate 13529-88-9 C2H7O7P2*Na
    sodium trihydrogen (1-hydroxyethylidene)bisphosphonate
    —— methyl 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate 361547-56-0 C12H26O3Si
    methyl 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propanoate
    —— Hexaphenyldigermane 2816-39-9 C36H30Ge2
    Hexaphenyldigermane
    —— tert-butyl (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate 1161932-04-2 C10H20N2O3
    tert-butyl (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 1-[N-cyclohexylcarbonylamidomethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 765915-89-7 C17H24N2O
    1-[N-cyclohexylcarbonylamidomethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
    —— tetrabutyl 2,6-dibromonaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylate 1224622-75-6 C30H38Br2O8
    tetrabutyl 2,6-dibromonaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylate
    —— 2,2''-dimethoxy-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl 70017-24-2 C20H18O2
    2,2''-dimethoxy-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl
    —— benzene(1-) 71-43-2 C6H6
    benzene(1-)