有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(四氢吡喃-2-基)甲基甲基丙烯酸酯 | methacrylic acid tetrahydropyran-2-ylmethyl ester | 10535-52-1 | C10H16O3 |
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(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)肼 | tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylhydrazine | 116312-69-7 | C5H12N2O |
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(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲烷磺酰氯 | (Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methanesulfonyl chloride | 264608-29-9 | C6H11ClO3S |
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(四氢-2H-吡喃-3-基)甲胺盐酸盐 | (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)methanamine | 7179-99-9 | C6H13NO |
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(呋喃甲基硫)丙酮 | 1-(2-Furfurylthio)propanone | 58066-86-7 | C8H10O2S |
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(吗啉-4-基)甲基三氟硼酸钾 | potassium (morpholin-4-yl)methyltrifluoroborate | 936329-94-1 | C5H10BF3NO*K |
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(吗啉-3-甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (morpholin-3-ylmethyl)carbamate | 169750-75-8 | C10H20N2O3 |
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(叠氮甲基)环己烷 | (azidomethyl)cyclohexane | 81917-06-8 | C7H13N3 |
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(反式,反式)-4-丙基-4’-丁基-1,1’-联环己烷 | trans,trans-4-Propyl-4'-butylbicyclohexyl | 96624-52-1 | C19H36 |
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(五甲基环戊二烯基)三氯化钛(IV) | Cp*TiCl3 | 12129-06-5 | C10H15Cl3Ti |
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(二茂铁甲基)十二烷基二甲铵溴盐 | Iron(2+) bromide cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide--1-{[dodecyl(dimethyl)azaniumyl]methyl}cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide (1/1/1/1) | 98778-40-6 | C25H42BrFeN |
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(二苄基氨基)乙酸 | N,N-dibenzylglycine | 17360-47-3 | C16H17NO2 |
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(二甲氨基)丙酮 | dimethylaminoacetone | 15364-56-4 | C5H11NO |
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(二甲基苯基膦)氯化金 | (dimethylphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride | 28978-09-8 | C8H11AuClP |
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(二甲基氨基)二甲基(2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯氧基)甲烷亚胺六氟磷酸盐 | 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-2-(perfluorophenyl)isouronium hexafluorophosphate(V) | 206190-14-9 | C11H12F11N2OP |
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(二甲基氨基)三甲基锡 | (dimethylamino)trimethyltin | 993-50-0 | C5H15NSn |
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(二甲基氨亚甲基)丙二腈 | 1-(dimethylamine)-2,2-dicyanoethylene | 16849-88-0 | C6H7N3 |
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(二甲基亚膦酰)甲醇 | (hydroxymethyl)-dimethylphosphine oxide | 5850-00-0 | C3H9O2P |
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(二氯碘)-苯 | (Dichloroiodo)benzene | 932-72-9 | C6H5Cl2I |
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(乙酰基氧基)(2-呋喃基)乙酸甲酯 | (furan-2-yl)methylene diacetate | 613-75-2 | C9H10O5 |
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(乙烷二亚基四硫代)四乙酸 | 2,2',2'',2'''-1,2-ethanedilidenetetrakis(thio)tetrakisacetic acid | 10003-69-7 | C10H14O8S4 |
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(乙氧基羰基甲基)二甲基溴化硫鎓 | (ethoxycarbonylmethyl)dimethylsulfonium bromide | 5187-82-6 | Br*C6H13O2S |
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(三苯基膦烯)乙烯酮 | Bestmann ylide | 15596-07-3 | C20H15OP |
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(三苯基膦)乙腈 | cyanomethylene triphenylphosphorane | 16640-68-9 | C20H16NP |
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(三苯基膦)丙酮酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-oxo-3-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)propanoate | 13321-61-4 | C23H21O3P |
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(三甲基硅基)甲基氯化镁 | (Trimethylsilyl)methylmagnesium chloride | 13170-43-9 | C4H11ClMgSi |
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(三氯甲氧基)苯 | (trichloromethoxy)benzene | 34888-05-6 | C7H5Cl3O |
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(三氯甲基)膦酸 | (trichloromethyl)phosphonic acid | 5994-41-2 | CH2Cl3O3P |
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(三氟甲硫基)银(I) | silver(I) trifluoromethanethiolate | 811-68-7 | CAgF3S |
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(三乙氧基硅基)环己烷 | cyclohexyltriethoxysilane | 18151-84-3 | C12H26O3Si |
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(三丁基锡)甲醇 | tri-n-butylstannylmethanol | 27490-33-1 | C13H30OSn |
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(βR)-β-环戊基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑-1-丙腈 | (R)-3-cyclopentyl-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanenitrile | 1146629-84-6 | C17H26BN3O2 |
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(αS,α'S)-α,α'-双(叔丁基)-[2,2'-联吡啶]-6,6'-二甲醇 | (S,S)-6,6'-bis(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2'-bipyridine | 131726-65-3 | C20H28N2O2 |
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(αR,αR)-α,α-双(叔丁基)-[2,2-联吡啶]-6,6-二甲醇 | (R,R)-6,6'-bis(1-hydroxy-2,2'-dimethylpropyl)-2,2'-bipyridine | 127049-50-7 | C20H28N2O2 |
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(±)-反-1,2-环戊二醇 | trans-cyclopentane-1,2-diol | 5057-99-8 | C5H10O2 |
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(±)-L-蒜氨酸 | S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide | 17795-26-5 | C6H11NO3S |
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(±)-4-氨基辛烷 | rac-2-aminooctane | 693-16-3 | C8H19N |
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(±)-3-羟基十四烷酸 | 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid | 1961-72-4 | C14H28O3 |
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(±)-2-乙酰氧基丙酸 | 2-acetoxypropionic acid | 535-17-1 | C5H8O4 |
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(±)-1-(三氟甲基)环戊胺盐酸盐 | 1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentan-1-amine hydrochloride | 1202865-05-1 | C6H10F3N*ClH |
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(±)-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁胺 盐酸盐 | 1,1,1-Trifluor-2-butanamin-hydrochlorid | 758-33-8 | C4H8F3N*ClH |
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(s)-(-)-N-叔丁氧羰基-3-氨基吡咯烷 | (3S)-3-amino-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidine | 147081-44-5 | C9H18N2O2 |
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(s)-(-)-2-羟基-3-苯基丙酸苄酯 | benzyl-(S)-(-)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate | 7622-21-1 | C16H16O3 |
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(betaR)-beta-环戊基-4-[7-[[2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基]甲基]-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基]-1H-吡唑-1-丙腈 | (3R)-3-cyclopentyl-3-[4-(7-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]propanenitrile | 941685-40-1 | C23H32N6OSi |
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(alphaR,betaR)-beta-(2,4-二氟苯基)-beta-羟基-alpha-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-丁烷硫代酰胺 | (2R,3R)-3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butanethioamide | 170863-34-0 | C13H14F2N4OS |
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(alphaR)-alpha-羟基-1H-咪唑-5-丙酸 | (<i>R</i>)-2-hydroxy-3-(1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazol-4-yl)-propionic acid | 1141479-01-7 | C6H8N2O3 |
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(alphaR)-alpha-[[[2-(4-硝基苯基)乙基]氨基]甲基]苯甲醇 | (R)-2-((4-nitrophenethyl)amino)-1-phenylethane-1-ol | 223673-34-5 | C16H18N2O3 |
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(aS)-4-溴-a-甲基-苯甲胺盐酸盐(1:1) | (S)-α-(p-bromophenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride | 84499-77-4 | C8H10BrN*ClH |
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([1,2,4]噻唑并[3,4-b][1,3]苯并噻唑-3-基硫代)乙酸 | benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-<i>c</i>][1,2,4]triazol-3-ylmercapto-acetic acid | 114722-63-3 | C10H7N3O2S2 |
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(Z,Z)-甲基-D-吡喃葡糖苷-2,6-二油酸酯 | D-Glucopyranoside methyl 2,6-dioleate | 82933-91-3 | C43H78O8 |
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