有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-(苯磺酰基)-2-(碘甲基)氮丙啶 | 2-(iodomethyl)-1-(phenylsulfonyl)aziridine | 65130-46-3 | C9H10INO2S |
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1-(苯甲酰基)吡咯烷-2-酮 | 1-benzoylpyrrolidin-2-one | 2399-66-8 | C11H11NO2 |
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1-(苯基磺酰基)-3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶 | 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine | 1174038-65-3 | C19H21BN2O4S |
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1-(苯基甲基)-3-吡咯烷酮盐酸盐(1:1) | 1-benzylpyrrolidin-3-one hydrochloride | 1012-01-7 | C11H13NO*ClH |
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1-(苯基甲基)-1H-吲唑-3-羧酸 | 1-benzyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid | 41354-03-4 | C15H12N2O2 |
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1-(苯基亚硫酰基)哌啶 | 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine | 4972-31-0 | C11H15NOS |
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1-(苄氧基羰基)苯并噻唑 | 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-benzotriazole | 57710-80-2 | C14H11N3O2 |
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1-(苄基氨基)-2-甲基丙-2-醇 | 1-(benzylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol | 80466-51-9 | C11H17NO |
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1-(羟甲基)环丙烷-1-羧酸 | 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | 49640-66-6 | C5H8O3 |
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1-(羟甲基)环丁烷羧酸 | 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid | 114671-90-8 | C6H10O3 |
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1-(羟基甲基)环丙烷甲腈 | 1-hydroxymethyl-cyclopropanecarbonitrile | 98730-77-9 | C5H7NO |
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1-(糠基氧基)丙-2-醇 | 1-furfuryloxy-propan-2-ol | 5831-60-7 | C8H12O3 |
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1-(甲苯-4-磺酰基)-1,2,3,4-四氢苯并[b]氮杂卓-5-酮 | 1-tosyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-5-one | 24310-36-9 | C17H17NO3S |
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1-(甲硫基)丙-2-醇 | 1-(methylthio)propan-2-ol | 6943-87-9 | C4H10OS |
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1-(甲氨基)金刚烷 | 1-adamantane-methylamine | 3717-38-2 | C11H19N |
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1-(甲氧羰基)脯氨酸 | 1-(methoxycarbonyl)-DL-proline | 134250-76-3 | C7H11NO4 |
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1-(甲氧甲基)环丁胺盐酸盐 | 1-(methoxymethyl)cyclopropan-1-amine | 1029716-05-9 | C5H11NO |
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1-(甲氧基羰基)哌啶-4-羧酸 | 1-(methoxycarbonyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid | 197585-42-5 | C8H13NO4 |
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1-(甲氧基甲基)-1H-咪唑 | 1-(methoxymethyl)imidazole | 20075-26-7 | C5H8N2O |
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1-(甲氧基(甲基)氨基甲酰基)环丙基氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropyl)carbamate | 161521-10-4 | C11H20N2O4 |
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1-(环戊-3-烯基)乙酮 | 1-(cyclopent-3-en-1-yl)ethanone | 20521-56-6 | C7H10O |
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1-(环丙基甲基)吡唑 | 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole | 1344382-51-9 | C7H10N2 |
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1-(烯丙基)吡咯烷-2-甲胺 | 1-allyl-2-aminomethyl-pyrrolidine | 26116-13-2 | C8H16N2 |
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1-(溴甲基)-6-甲基-2-硝基苯 | 2-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl-1-nitrobenzene | 77378-54-2 | C8H8BrNO2 |
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1-(溴甲基)-4-(4-甲基苯基)苯 | 4-bromomethyl-4'-methylbiphenyl | 79757-93-0 | C14H13Br |
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1-(溴甲基)-3-硝基-5-(三氟甲基)苯 | 1-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene | 180146-67-2 | C8H5BrF3NO2 |
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1-(溴甲基)-2-氯-3-硝基苯 | α-bromo-2-chloro-3-nitrotoluene | 89642-16-0 | C7H5BrClNO2 |
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1-(溴乙酰基)哌啶 | 1-(2-bromoacetyl)piperidine | 1796-25-4 | C7H12BrNO |
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1-(氰基乙酰基)吡咯烷 | 3-oxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propionitrile | 14227-95-3 | C7H10N2O |
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1-(氯甲基)-4-硝基苯 | 4-nitrobenzyl chloride | 100-14-1 | C7H6ClNO2 |
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1-(氯甲基)-3-苯乙烯 | 3-Ethenylbenzyl chloride | 39833-65-3 | C9H9Cl |
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1-(氯乙酰基)吡咯烷 | 1-(chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine | 20266-00-6 | C6H10ClNO |
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1-(氯-二氟-甲氧基)-4-硝基苯 | 1-(chlorodifluoromethoxy)-4-nitrobenzene | 40750-71-8 | C7H4ClF2NO3 |
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1-(氨甲基)环己烷-1-胺,二盐酸盐 | 1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanamine dihydrochloride | 123194-05-8 | C7H18Cl2N2 |
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1-(氨基甲基)环己烷甲醇 | (1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl)methanol | 2041-57-8 | C8H17NO |
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1-(氨基甲基)环丁醇 | 1-(aminomethyl)cyclobutanol | 180205-28-1 | C5H11NO |
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1-(氨基氧甲基)-4-氯苯基盐酸盐 | O-(4-chlorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride | 38936-60-6 | C7H8ClNO*ClH |
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1-(异丙基磺酰基)-2-硝基苯 | 1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzene | 70415-86-0 | C9H11NO4S |
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1-(异丙基氨基)-3-苯氧基-2-丙醇 | (+/-)-1-isopropylamino-3-phenoxypropan-2-ol | 7695-63-8 | C12H19NO2 |
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1-(对羟基苯基)乙胺 | 4-(1-aminoethyl)phenol | 134855-87-1 | C8H11NO |
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1-(对羟基苯基)1-苯乙烷 | 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylethane | 1988-89-2 | C14H14O |
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1-(对甲苯基)-1H-吡唑 | 1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole | 20518-17-6 | C10H10N2 |
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1-(四氢呋喃-2-基)乙酮 | 2-acetyltetrahydrofuran | 25252-64-6 | C6H10O2 |
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1-(四氢-3-呋喃基)-乙酮 | 1-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ethanone | 114932-86-4 | C6H10O2 |
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1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑-5-胺 | 1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-indazol-5-amine | 478832-10-9 | C12H15N3O |
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1-(噁唑-2-基)乙酮 | 1-(oxazol-2-yl)ethanone | 77311-07-0 | C5H5NO2 |
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1-(嘧啶-4-基)乙酮 | 4-acetyl pyrimidine | 39870-05-8 | C6H6N2O |
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1-(哒嗪-4-基)乙酮 | 4-acetylpyridazine | 50901-46-7 | C6H6N2O |
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1-(哌啶-4-基)吡咯烷-2-酮盐酸盐 | 1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one hydrochloride | 548769-02-4 | C9H16N2O*ClH |
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1-(咪唑-1-基)苯酚 | p-imidazo-1-ylphenol | 10041-02-8 | C9H8N2O |
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