有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(2-(二氟甲氧基)吡啶-4-基)甲胺盐酸盐 | (2-(difluoromethoxy)pyridin-4-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 943843-27-4 | C7H8F2N2O*ClH |
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(2-(三氟甲基)噻唑-5-基)甲醇 | (2-(trifluoromethyl) thiazol-5-yl)methanol | 131748-97-5 | C5H4F3NOS |
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(2-(三氟甲基)噻唑-4-基)甲醇 | (2-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-4-yl)methanol | 133046-47-6 | C5H4F3NOS |
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(2-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-基)甲胺 | (2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)methanamine | 1056162-06-1 | C7H7F3N2 |
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(2-(2-氯乙氧基)-5-硝基苯基)甲醇 | (2-(2-chloroethoxy)-5-nitrophenyl)methanol | 937273-30-8 | C9H10ClNO4 |
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(2,6-二硝基-1,4-亚苯基)二甲醇 | 2,6-dinitro-1,4-di(hydroxymethyl)benzene | 171809-19-1 | C8H8N2O6 |
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(2,6-二氯-3-硝基)苯甲醇 | (2,6‐dichloro‐3‐nitrophenyl)methanol | 160647-01-8 | C7H5Cl2NO3 |
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(2,6-二氟-吡啶-4-基)-肼 | 2,6-difluoro-4-hydrazinylpyridine | 837364-94-0 | C5H5F2N3 |
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(2,5-二甲基苯基)溴化镁 | Magnesium;1,4-dimethylbenzene-6-ide;bromide | 30897-86-0 | C8H9BrMg |
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(2,5-二溴苯基)肼 | (2,5-dibromophenyl)hydrazine | 62672-26-8 | C6H6Br2N2 |
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(2,5-二溴苯基)甲胺 | 2,5-dibromobenzyl amine | 1214331-41-5 | C7H7Br2N |
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(2,5-二氧代咪唑烷-4-亚基)乙酸 | carboxymethylene hydantoin | 5427-28-1 | C5H4N2O4 |
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(2,5-二氟苯基)(3-硝基苯基)甲酮 | 1,4-difluoro-3'-nitrobenzophenone | 1193512-72-9 | C13H7F2NO3 |
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(2,4-苯二甲基)乙酸 | 2,4-dimethylphenylacetic acid | 6331-04-0 | C10H12O2 |
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(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酰胺 | 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetamide | 1982-42-9 | C8H7Cl2NO2 |
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(2,4-二氯苄基)甲胺盐酸盐 | 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-N-methyl amine hydrochloride | 90389-07-4 | C8H9Cl2N*ClH |
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(2,4-二氯苄基)三苯基氯化膦 | <(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-methyl>triphenylphosphonium chloride | 2492-23-1 | C25H20Cl2P*Cl |
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(2,4-二氟苯硫基)乙腈 | (2,4-Difluorophenylthio)acetonitrile | 175277-63-1 | C8H5F2NS |
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(2,4-二氟苯基乙炔)三甲基硅烷 | ((2,4-difluorophenyl)ethynyl)trimethylsilane | 480438-92-4 | C11H12F2Si |
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(2,4-二-叔丁基苯氧基)乙酸 | 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenoxyacetic acid | 18327-79-2 | C16H24O3 |
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(2,4,6-三氯嘧啶-5-基)甲醇 | (2,4,6-trichloropyrimidin-5-yl)methanol | 1260682-15-2 | C5H3Cl3N2O |
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(2,3-环氧丙基)苯 | (2,3-Epoxypropyl)benzene | 4436-24-2 | C9H10O |
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(2,3-二甲基苯基)(1H-咪唑-4-基)甲酮 | 4-(2,3-dimethylbenzoyl)-1H-imidazole | 91874-85-0 | C12H12N2O |
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(2,3-二甲基苯基)(1-三苯甲游基-1H-咪唑-5-基)甲酮 | 4-<(2,3-dimethylphenyl)carbonyl>-1-(triphenylmethyl)imidazole | 176721-02-1 | C31H26N2O |
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(2,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-吲哚-1-基)-乙酸 | isatin-N-acetic acid | 60705-96-6 | C10H7NO4 |
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(2,3-二氢-苯并[1,4]二氧-6)-乙酸 | 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylacetic acid | 17253-11-1 | C10H10O4 |
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(2,2-二甲基丙酰基)氨基]乙酸 | N-(2,2,2-trimethylacetyl)glycine | 23891-96-5 | C7H13NO3 |
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(2,2-二甲基丙基)亚膦酸二氯化物 | neopetyl dichlorophosphine | 57620-67-4 | C5H11Cl2P |
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(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)甲基邻氨基苯甲酸酯 | (2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl anthranilate | 4934-23-0 | C13H17NO4 |
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(2,2-二氯环丙基)苯 | 1,1-dichloro-2-phenylcyclopropane | 2415-80-7 | C9H8Cl2 |
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(2,2-二氟苯并[d][1,3]二氧代l-5-基)甲醇 | (2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methanol | 72768-97-9 | C8H6F2O3 |
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(2,2-二乙氧基乙基)-苯 | 1,1-diethoxy-2-phenylethane | 6314-97-2 | C12H18O2 |
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(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮酸)锂 | (OC-6-11)-Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-I masculineO3,I masculineO5)lanthanum | 14319-13-2 | C33H57LaO6 |
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(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮)锂 | (2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)lithium | 22441-13-0 | C11H19LiO2 |
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(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)乙酸 | (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethanoic acid | 675-67-2 | C4H5F3O3 |
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(2,2,2-三氟-1-羟基乙基)氨基甲酸苄酯 | 1-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol | 6798-33-0 | C10H10F3NO3 |
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(1s,3s)-3-氨基环戊基氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-aminocyclopentyl)carbamate | 645400-44-8 | C10H20N2O2 |
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(1s,1'r,4R,4'R)-4-戊基-4'-(3,4,5-三氟苯基)-1,1'-二(环己烷) | trans-4-pentyl-cis-4'-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl) | 137644-54-3 | C23H33F3 |
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(1r,2s)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-1-羟基丙烷-2-氨基甲酸苄酯 | (1R,2S)-1-(3',5'-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-1-propanol | 877384-16-2 | C19H17F6NO3 |
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(1S.3AR.6aS)-八氢环戊[C]吡咯-1-羧酸 | (1S,3aR,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid | 926276-11-1 | C8H13NO2 |
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(1S-cis)-4-氨基-2-环戊烯基-1-甲醇 D-酒石酸盐 | ((1S,4R)-4-aminocyclopent-2-enyl)methanol D-hydrogen tartrate | 229177-52-0 | (x)C4H6O6*C6H11NO |
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(1S,5S,6S,7R,8S)-6,7,8-三羟基-1-(羟基甲基)-2-氧杂-4-氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬-3-酮 | 6,7,8-Trihydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-4-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane | 85281-06-7 | C8H13NO6 |
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(1S,5S)-5-异丙烯基-2-甲基-2-环己烯-1-基乙酸酯 | (4S,6S)-6-Acetoxy-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene | 1205-42-1 | C12H18O2 |
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(1S,5R)-1-苯基-3-氧杂双环[3.1.0]己-2-酮 | 1-phenyl-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 63106-93-4 | C11H10O2 |
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(1S,4S)-N-去甲基盐酸舍曲林 | N-desmethyl sertraline hydrochloride | 675126-10-0 | C16H15Cl2N*ClH |
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(1S,4S)-3-氧代-2-噁-5-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-5-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (1S,4S)-3-oxo-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-5-carboxylate | 113775-22-7 | C10H15NO4 |
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(1S,4R)盐酸舍曲林 | trans-(1S,4R)-N-methyl-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride | 79896-31-4 | C17H17Cl2N*ClH |
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(1S,4R)-4-甲基环戊-2-烯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐 | (-)-methyl (1S,4R)-4-aminocyclopent-2-ene-1-carboxylate hydrochloride | 229613-83-6 | C7H11NO2*ClH |
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(1S,3S,6R)-N,N-二甲基-7-恶二环[4.1.0]庚烷-3-羧酰胺 | (1S,3S,6R)-N,N-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-carboxamide | 929693-35-6 | C9H15NO2 |
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(1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-甲酰胺盐酸盐 | (1S,3S,5S)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxamide hydrochloride | 709031-39-0 | C6H10N2O*ClH |
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