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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2R,3R)-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide 1628106-94-4 Br*C22H32NO5
    (2R,3R)-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide
    —— (S)-2-bromo-5-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde 1198171-24-2 C13H15BrO4
    (S)-2-bromo-5-((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde
    —— methyl 4-iodo-3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate 1092301-44-4 C6H6BrNO3
    methyl 4-iodo-3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 3-[1-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 681277-55-4 C27H28N4O3
    3-[1-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate 188723-33-3 C14H25NO4
    ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate
    —— Sn(naphthalocyanine) 110479-58-8 C48H24N8Sn
    Sn(naphthalocyanine)
    —— N-benzyloxycarbonyl-(4S)-fluoro-L-proline 72204-21-8 C13H14FNO4
    N-benzyloxycarbonyl-(4S)-fluoro-L-proline
    —— 2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(2-thienyl)-1-ethanone 305851-10-9 C12H9N3OS
    2-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-(2-thienyl)-1-ethanone
    —— 3-(aminomethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4(1H)-one hydrochloride 1643795-06-5 C8H12N2O*ClH
    3-(aminomethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4(1H)-one hydrochloride
    —— exo-norbornylamine 822-98-0 C7H13N
    exo-norbornylamine
    —— N<sup>7</sup>-Boc-cystosine-2-acetic acid 172405-16-2 C11H15N3O5
    N<sup>7</sup>-Boc-cystosine-2-acetic acid
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(4-chloro-pyridine-2,6-diyl)-bis-carbamic acid diethyl ester 63708-78-1 C11H14ClN3O4
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(4-chloro-pyridine-2,6-diyl)-bis-carbamic acid diethyl ester
    —— N-[2-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[(N<sup>4</sup>-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)cytosin-1-yl)acetyl]glycine 172405-61-7 C30H33N5O8
    N-[2-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[(N<sup>4</sup>-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)cytosin-1-yl)acetyl]glycine
    —— 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one 86949-84-0 C8H13NO
    3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one
    —— 5,6-dichloro-2-benzothiazolamine 24072-75-1 C9H8Cl2N2S
    5,6-dichloro-2-benzothiazolamine
    —— 4-[(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzohydrazide 1236355-89-7 C13H20N4O
    4-[(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzohydrazide
    —— Benzyl-dimethyl-phosphinoxid 18629-11-3 C9H13OP
    Benzyl-dimethyl-phosphinoxid
    —— Isobutane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride 15444-85-6 C4H14N2*2Cl
    Isobutane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride
    —— 4,7-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene 1391908-40-9 C8H4Br2S
    4,7-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene
    —— 2-<(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio>ethanol 5396-50-9 C6H14OS
    2-<(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio>ethanol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-nitrobenzaldehyde 144683-49-8 C8H7NO5
    3-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-nitrobenzaldehyde
    —— Azaserine 115-02-6 C5H7N3O4
    Azaserine
    —— 4-chloro-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 1476848-17-5 C9H9ClO3
    4-chloro-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 5-(furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline 1609581-21-6 C19H21BN2O4
    5-(furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline
    —— 2-bromo-5-(furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)aniline 1609581-20-5 C13H9BrN2O2
    2-bromo-5-(furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)aniline
    —— tert-butyl N-[(1R)-1-(tert-butoxymethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate 1016606-77-1 C12H25NO4
    tert-butyl N-[(1R)-1-(tert-butoxymethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate
    —— 6-[6-[6-(6-Hydroxyhexoxy)hexoxy]hexoxy]hexan-1-ol 25961-89-1 C24H50O5
    6-[6-[6-(6-Hydroxyhexoxy)hexoxy]hexoxy]hexan-1-ol
    —— Cholesterylpropionat 633-31-8 C30H50O2
    Cholesterylpropionat
    —— N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5,5-difluoro-L-norleucine 878009-71-3 C11H19F2NO4
    N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5,5-difluoro-L-norleucine
    —— 1,3-diphenylpyrazinoimidazolium iodide 1311465-22-1 C17H13N4*I
    1,3-diphenylpyrazinoimidazolium iodide
    —— (<i>R</i>)-3-bromo-hexane 3377-87-5 C6H13Br
    (<i>R</i>)-3-bromo-hexane
    —— (+)-(2S,3R)-3-tert-butoxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester 443899-48-7 C24H27NO5
    (+)-(2S,3R)-3-tert-butoxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester
    —— 8-bromo<1>benzothieno<3,2-d>pyrimidine 76878-10-9 C10H5BrN2S
    8-bromo<1>benzothieno<3,2-d>pyrimidine
    —— tert-butyl {[5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]methyl}methylcarbamate 881678-38-2 C17H20F2N2O2
    tert-butyl {[5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]methyl}methylcarbamate
    —— 4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-methanol 1092310-34-3 C3H5N3O2
    4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-methanol
    —— diethyl 2,6-dihydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate 63615-46-3 C16H16O6
    diethyl 2,6-dihydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— (1<i>RS</i>:2<i>RS</i>)-1,2-dibromo-1-chloro-propane 32595-09-8 C3H5Br2Cl
    (1<i>RS</i>:2<i>RS</i>)-1,2-dibromo-1-chloro-propane
    —— tert-butyl 1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carboxylate 182137-57-1 C12H21NO3
    tert-butyl 1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-7-carboxylate
    —— rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate 31126-95-1 C8F12O8Rh2
    rhodium(II) trifluoroacetate
    —— 4-amino-benzene-1,2,3-triol 27841-28-7 C6H7NO3
    4-amino-benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 4-chloro-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole 235106-13-5 C10H6ClF3N2
    4-chloro-5-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole
    —— 4-(ethoxymethyl)benzaldehyde 95068-23-8 C10H12O2
    4-(ethoxymethyl)benzaldehyde
    —— lithium tri-sec-butyl(hydrido)borate 60217-34-7 C15H34B*Li
    lithium tri-sec-butyl(hydrido)borate
    —— N,N-dimethylpyridine-4-carbothioamide 51444-32-7 C8H10N2S
    N,N-dimethylpyridine-4-carbothioamide
    —— (+/-)-2,5-diamino-4-oxo-valeric acid 111652-32-5 C5H10N2O3
    (+/-)-2,5-diamino-4-oxo-valeric acid
    —— (<i>S</i>)-2,5-diamino-4-oxo-valeric acid 111652-32-5 C5H10N2O3
    (<i>S</i>)-2,5-diamino-4-oxo-valeric acid
    —— 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)piperidine hydrochloride 4983-39-5 C9H18N2*ClH
    4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)piperidine hydrochloride
    —— (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid 481055-29-2 C20H21F2NO4
    (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid
    —— Phenacyldiphenylthiophosphoran 58156-55-1 C20H17OPS
    Phenacyldiphenylthiophosphoran
    —— 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanedioic acid 60706-58-3 C9H12N2O4
    2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanedioic acid