有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-(3,4-二氨基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(3,4-diaminophenyl)ethanone | 21304-39-2 | C8H10N2O |
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1-(3,4-二氟苯基)乙醇 | 1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ethan-1-ol | 321318-21-2 | C8H8F2O |
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1-(3,4,5-三甲氧基-苄基)-哌嗪 | 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine | 52146-35-7 | C14H22N2O3 |
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1-(3 -羟丙基)吡咯烷 | 3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol | 19748-66-4 | C7H15NO |
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1-(2’-O,4-C-甲桥-beta-D-呋喃核糖基)胸腺嘧啶 | (1S,3R,4R,7S)-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-(thymin-1-yl)-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane | 206055-67-6 | C11H14N2O6 |
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1-(2’-O,4-C-甲桥-BETA-D-呋喃核糖基)尿苷 | 2'-O,4'-C-methyleneuridine | 200435-92-3 | C10H12N2O6 |
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1-(2-苄基苯氧基)-2-丙醇 | (2-benzylphenoxy)-2-propanol | 5029-76-5 | C16H18O2 |
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1-(2-苄基氧基羰基氨基-1-氧代丙基)八氢环戊烯并[B]吡咯-2-羧酸苄酯 | 1-(2-Benzyloxycarbonylamino-1-oxopropyl)octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylic Acid Benzyl Ester | 1356382-92-7 | C26H30N2O5 |
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1-(2-羟基苯基)-2-苯基乙酮 | 2-hydroxy-deoxybenzoin | 2491-31-8 | C14H12O2 |
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1-(2-羟基乙基-(2-羟基丙基)氨基)丙-2-醇 | N,N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-N-(hydroxyethyl)amine | 10353-86-3 | C8H19NO3 |
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1-(2-羟基乙基)环丁醇 | 1-hydroxy-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)cyclobutane | 83237-27-8 | C6H12O2 |
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1-(2-羟基乙基)-1,2,4-噻唑 | 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole | 3273-14-1 | C4H7N3O |
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1-(2-羟基-乙基氨基)-丙烷-2-醇 | 1-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-propanol | 6579-55-1 | C5H13NO2 |
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1-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-1-丙酮 | 2-propionyl-p-cresol | 938-45-4 | C10H12O2 |
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1-(2-羟乙基)哌啶-4-甲腈 | 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-4-carbonitrile | 21168-73-0 | C8H14N2O |
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1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基氯化咪唑鎓 | 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride | 61755-34-8 | C6H11N2O*Cl |
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1-(2-硫酮-3-噻唑烷基)-1-丙酮 | N-propanoyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione | 85260-51-1 | C6H9NOS2 |
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1-(2-硝基苯基)吡咯 | 1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole | 33265-60-0 | C10H8N2O2 |
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1-(2-硝基苯基)乙醇 | 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-ol | 3205-25-2 | C8H9NO3 |
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1-(2-硝基苄基)吡咯-2-甲醛 | 1-(2-Nitrobenzyl)-2-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde | 22162-51-2 | C12H10N2O3 |
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1-(2-甲氧基苯基)乙醇 | 2-methoxyphenethyl alcohol | 7417-18-7 | C9H12O2 |
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1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲醛 | 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde | 1013835-99-8 | C11H10N2O2 |
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1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-4-溴-1H-吡唑 | 4-bromo-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole | 847818-49-9 | C6H9BrN2O |
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1-(2-甲基苯基)丙-1-酮 | 2-methylpropiophenone | 2040-14-4 | C10H12O |
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1-(2-甲基苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮 | 1-(o-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one | 39627-60-6 | C10H10O |
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1-(2-甲基苯基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮 | N-(o-tolyl)maleimide | 4067-01-0 | C11H9NO2 |
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1-(2-溴苯基)哌嗪 | 1-(2-bromophenyl)piperazine | 1011-13-8 | C10H13BrN2 |
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1-(2-溴苯基)乙醇 | 1-(2-bromophenyl)ethanol | 5411-56-3 | C8H9BrO |
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1-(2-溴苯基)-环丁烷甲腈 | 1-(2-bromophenyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile | 28049-62-9 | C11H10BrN |
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1-(2-溴苯基)-2-苯基-1-乙酮 | 2'-bromo-2-phenylacetophenone | 36081-66-0 | C14H11BrO |
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1-(2-溴苯基)-1H-吡咯 | 1-(2-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrrole | 69907-27-3 | C10H8BrN |
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1-(2-溴苯基)-1,3-丁烷二酮 | 1-(2-bromophenyl)butane-1,3-dione | 57279-20-6 | C10H9BrO2 |
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1-(2-溴乙氧基)-4-氯苯 | 1-(2-bromoethoxy)-4-chlorobenzene | 2033-76-3 | C8H8BrClO |
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1-(2-溴乙基)萘 | 1-(2-bromo)ethylnaphthalene | 13686-49-2 | C12H11Br |
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1-(2-溴乙基)哌啶氢溴酸盐 | N-(2-bromoethyl)piperidine hydrobromide | 89796-22-5 | BrH*C7H14BrN |
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1-(2-溴乙基)吡咯烷-2-酮 | 1-(2-bromoethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one | 117018-99-2 | C6H10BrNO |
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1-(2-溴乙基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮 | 1-(2-bromoethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione | 55943-72-1 | C6H8BrNO2 |
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1-(2-溴乙基)-4-氟苯 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl bromide | 65130-46-3 | C8H8BrF |
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1-(2-溴乙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-苯并咪唑-2-酮 | 1-(2-bromoethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one | 103784-03-8 | C9H9BrN2O |
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1-(2-溴-5-甲氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)ethanone | 6342-63-8 | C9H9BrO2 |
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1-(2-溴-5-氟苯基)吡咯烷-2-酮 | 1-(2-Bromo-5-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one | 1280786-54-0 | C10H9BrFNO |
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1-(2-溴-4-甲氧基苯基)-乙酮 | 1-(2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone | 89691-67-8 | C9H9BrO2 |
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1-(2-氰乙基)-4-甲基哌嗪 | 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propanenitrile | 4491-92-3 | C8H15N3 |
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1-(2-氰乙基)-2-甲基哌啶 | 3-(2-methyl-piperidino)-propionitrile | 140837-33-8 | C9H16N2 |
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1-(2-氯苯氧基)-4-硝基苯 | 1-chloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene | 2091-61-4 | C12H8ClNO3 |
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1-(2-氯苯基)丙胺盐酸盐 | 1-(2-Chlorophenyl)propan-1-amine hydrochloride | 40023-85-6 | C9H12ClN*ClH |
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1-(2-氯苯基)-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮 | 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one | 14580-22-4 | C10H9ClN2O |
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1-(2-氯苯基)-2-[(叔丁基)氨基]-1-丙酮盐酸盐 | 2-(Tert-butylamino)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one hydrochloride | 1049718-57-1 | C13H19Cl2NO |
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1-(2-氯乙酰基)吡咯烷-2-腈 | 1-(2-chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile | 274901-37-0 | C7H9ClN2O |
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1-(2-氯乙氧基)-2-甲氧基乙烷 | 1-chloro-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane | 52808-36-3 | C5H11ClO2 |
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