有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-乙基已基醛 | 2-Ethylhexanal | 123-05-7 | C8H16O |
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2-乙基己醛环乙二醇缩醛 | 2-(heptan-3-yl)-1,3-dioxolane | 4359-47-1 | C10H20O2 |
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2-乙基己醇 | 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | 104-76-7 | C8H18O |
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2-乙基己酸镍 | 2-Ethylhexanoic acid;nickel | 4454-16-4 | C8H16NiO2 |
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2-乙基己酸镉 | Cadmium;2-ethylhexanoic acid | 2420-98-6 | C8H16CdO2 |
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2-乙基己酸镁盐 | 15602-15-0 | C8H16MgO2 |
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2-乙基己酸锡(II) | Stannous octoate | 301-10-0 | C8H16O2Sn |
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2-乙基己酸锌 | 2-ethylhexanoic acid;zinc | 136-53-8 | C8H16O2Zn |
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2-乙基己酸钛(异辛酸钛(IV)),97 | Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, titanium(4+) salt | 3645-34-9 | C32H60O8Ti |
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2-乙基己酸钕 | Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, neodymium(3+) salt (3:1) | 73227-23-3 | C8H16NdO2 |
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2-乙基己酸钇 | Yttrium(III) 2-ethylhexanoate | 114012-65-6 | C24H45O6Y |
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2-乙基己酸钆 | 2-Ethylhexanoic acid;gadolinium | 19189-19-6 | C8H16GdO2 |
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2-乙基己酸乙酯 | n-butyric acid 2-ethylhexyl ester | 25415-84-3 | C12H24O2 |
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2-乙基己胺氢溴酸盐 | 2-Ethylhexylamine Hydrobromide | 88358-65-0 | C8H20BrN |
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2-乙基己胺 | 2-Ethylhexylamine | 104-75-6 | C8H19N |
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2-乙基己基锂 | 15590-62-2 | C8H16LiO2 |
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2-乙基己基硝酸酯 | 2-ethylhexyl nitrate | 27247-96-7 | C8H17NO3 |
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2-乙基己基癸酸酯 | 2-ethylhexyl decanoate | 73947-30-5 | C18H36O2 |
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2-乙基己基甲酸酯 | (2-ethylhex-1-yl) formiate | 5460-45-7 | C9H18O2 |
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2-乙基己基戊酸酯 | 2-Ethylhexyl valerate | 5451-87-6 | C13H26O2 |
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2-乙基己基壬基癸二酸酯 | 2-Ethylhexyl nonyl sebacate | 5137-28-0 | C27H52O4 |
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2-乙基己基十二烷酸酯 | 2-ethyl-hexyl laurate | 20292-08-4 | C20H40O2 |
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2-乙基己基乙酰乙酸酯 | 2-ethylhexyl 3-oxobutanoate | 6079-97-6 | C12H22O3 |
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2-乙基己基丙酸酯 | 2-ethylhexyl propionate | 6293-37-4 | C11H22O2 |
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2-乙基己基14-乙基-6,6-二辛基-4,8,11-三氧代-5,7,12-三氧杂-6-锡杂十八碳-2,9-二烯酸酯 | 5,7,12-Trioxa-6-stannaoctadeca-2,9-dienoic acid, 14-ethyl-6,6-dioctyl-4,8,11-trioxo-, 2-ethylhexyl ester | 10039-33-5 | C40H72O8Sn |
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2-乙基己基-alpha-氰基-3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸 | 2-Ethylhexyl alpha-cyano-3,4-dimethoxycinnamate | 143269-62-9 | C20H27NO4 |
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2-乙基丙烯腈 | 2-ethyl-acrylonitrile | 1647-11-6 | C5H7N |
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2-乙基丁酸钠 | sodium 2-ethylbutanoate | 2452-14-4 | C6H11O2*Na |
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2-乙基丁胺 | 2-ethyl-N-butylamine | 617-79-8 | C6H15N |
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2-乙基丁烯醛 | 2-ethylcrotonaldehyde | 19780-25-7 | C6H10O |
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2-乙基-己酸稀土盐 | 2-Ethylhexanoic acid | 149-57-5 | C8H16O2 |
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2-乙基-N,N-双(2-乙己基)-1-己胺 | tri-(2-ethyl-n-hexyl)amine | 1860-26-0 | C24H51N |
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2-乙基-6-甲基苯酚 | 2-ethyl-6-methylphenol | 1687-64-5 | C9H12O |
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2-乙基-6,6-二甲基-2-环己烯-1-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-ethyl-6,6-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylate | 57934-97-1 | C13H22O2 |
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2-乙基-5-硝基苯胺 | 2-ethyl-5-nitroaniline | 20191-74-6 | C8H10N2O2 |
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2-乙基-5-溴噻唑 | ethyl-5-bromothiazole | 1086382-44-6 | C5H6BrNS |
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2-乙基-4-硝基苯胺 | 4-amino-3-ethyl-1-nitrobenzene | 6853-29-8 | C8H10N2O2 |
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2-乙基-4-硝基-1H-咪唑 | 2-ethyl-4-nitro-imidazol | 13230-03-0 | C5H7N3O2 |
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2-乙基-4-甲基戊醇 | 2-Aethyl-4-methyl-pentan-1-ol | 106-67-2 | C8H18O |
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2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑 | 2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-imidazole | 931-36-2 | C6H10N2 |
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2-乙基-4-溴咪唑 | 4(5)-bromo-2-ethyl-1H-imidazole | 145575-91-3 | C5H7BrN2 |
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2-乙基-4-氟苯酚 | 2-ethyl-4-fluorophenol | 398-71-0 | C8H9FO |
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2-乙基-4,4-二甲基-2-唑啉 | 2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole | 5146-88-3 | C7H13NO |
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2-乙基-3-甲基-苯酚 | 2-ethyl-3-methylphenol | 6161-62-2 | C9H12O |
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2-乙基-2-金刚烷基甲基丙烯酸酯 | 2-ethyladamantan-2-yl methacrylate | 209982-56-9 | C16H24O2 |
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2-乙基-2-金刚烷基丙烯酸酯 | 2-ethyl-2-adamantyl acrylate | 303186-14-3 | C15H22O2 |
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2-乙基-2-甲基戊酸 | 2-methyl-2-ethylpentanoic acid | 5343-52-2 | C8H16O2 |
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2-乙基-2-甲基丁酸 | 2-methyl-2-ethylbutanoic acid | 19889-37-3 | C7H14O2 |
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2-乙基-2-己烯醛 | 2-ethylhexenal | 645-62-5 | C8H14O |
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2-乙基-2-己烯酸 | 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid | 5309-52-4 | C8H14O2 |
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