有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 苄基甲基亚砜 | benzylmethylsulfoxide | 824-86-2 | C8H10OS |
| 苄基氰基甲酸酯 | benzyl cyanoformate | 5532-86-5 | C9H7NO2 |
| 苄基氯化镁 | Benzylmagnesium chloride | 6921-34-2 | C7H7ClMg |
| 苄基棕榈酸酯 | benzyl palmitate | 41755-60-6 | C23H38O2 |
| 苄基月桂酸酯 | benzyl levulinate | 6939-75-9 | C12H14O3 |
| 苄基对甲苯胺 | N-Benzyl-4-methylaniline | 5405-15-2 | C14H15N |
| 苄基对甲苯基醚 | 4-methylphenyl benzyl ether | 834-25-3 | C14H14O |
| 苄基二金刚烷基膦 | di(1-adamantyl)benzylphosphine | 395116-70-8 | C27H37P |
| 苄基二苯膦 | benzyldiphenylphosphane | 7650-91-1 | C19H17P |
| 苄基二甲基[2-[(1-氧代烯丙基)氧基]乙基]氯化铵 | acryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride | 46830-22-2 | C14H20NO2*Cl |
| 苄基三苯基氯化膦 | benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride | 1100-88-5 | C25H22P*Cl |
| 苄基三甲基四氯碘酸铵 | Benzyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroiodate | 121309-88-4 | C10H16Cl4IN |
| 苄基三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium benzyltrifluoroborate | 329976-73-0 | C7H7BF3K |
| 苄基N-[2-(N-(2-氨基-4-甲氧基-苯基)苯胺基)-2-氧代-乙基]氨基甲酸酯 | tert-butyl 4-cyano-4-(pyridine-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 167263-04-9 | C16H21N3O2 |
| 苄基N,N,N',N'-四异丙基亚磷酰二胺 | benzyl-N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite | 108549-21-9 | C19H35N2OP |
| 苄基L-赖氨酸酯4-甲基苯磺酸酯(1:2) | L-lysine benzyl ester bis(p-toluenesulfonate) | 16259-78-2 | 2C7H8O3S*C13H20N2O2 |
| 苄基6-溴己醚 | 1-bromo-6-benzyloxyhexane | 54247-27-7 | C13H19BrO |
| 苄基5-羟基戊烷酸酯 | benzyl 5-hydroxypentanoate | 134848-96-7 | C12H16O3 |
| 苄基4-[(氯磺酰基)甲基]哌啶-1-羧酸 | benzyl 4-[(chlorosulfonyl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1211587-42-6 | C14H18ClNO4S |
| 苄基3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯 | benzyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate | 31770-76-0 | C16H16O3 |
| 苄基-一聚乙二醇-丙醇 | 3-(2-(benzyloxy)ethoxy)propan-1-ol | 131326-24-4 | C12H18O3 |
| 苄基-5-溴戊醚 | 1-(benzyloxy)-5-bromopentane | 1014-93-3 | C12H17BrO |
| 苄基-4-羟基苯酮 | 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethanone | 2491-32-9 | C14H12O2 |
| 苄基-2-氯乙醚 | benzyl 2-chloroethyl ether | 17229-17-3 | C9H11ClO |
| 苄基-(2-甲氧基苄基)胺 | N-benzyl-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)methanamine | 69875-89-4 | C15H17NO |
| 苄基(二甲基)膦 | Benzyldimethylphosphin | 13954-37-5 | C9H13P |
| 苄基(二乙基)膦 | diethyl-benzyl-phosphine | 41268-70-6 | C11H17P |
| 苄基(4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸酯 | benzyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate | 7107-59-7 | C14H13NO3 |
| 苄基(2-甲基-2-丙基)亚膦基氯化物 | Benzyl-tert-butylphosphinous Chloride | 56522-07-7 | C11H16ClP |
| 苄基((1R,3S)-环己烷-1,3-二基)二氨基甲酸叔丁酯(左旋) | (+)-benzyl tert-butyl ((cis)-cyclohexane-1,3-diyl)dicarbamate | 1261225-49-3 | C19H28N2O4 |
| 苄基 5-氧代六氢环戊并[c]吡咯-2(1h)-羧酸 | benzyl 5-oxohexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-carboxylate | 148404-29-9 | C15H17NO3 |
| 苄叉丙酮 | 1-Phenylbut-1-en-3-one | 122-57-6 | C10H10O |
| 芴-d10 | fluorene-d10 | 81103-79-9 | C13H10 |
| 芴 | 9H-fluorene | 86-73-7 | C13H10 |
| 芳樟醇 | 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol | 78-70-6 | C10H18O |
| 花薑酮 | zerumbone | 471-05-6 | C15H22O |
| 花生酸乙酯 | ethyl eicosanoate | 18281-05-5 | C22H44O2 |
| 花生四烯基三氟甲酮 | Aacocf3 | 149301-79-1 | C21H31F3O |
| 芬螨酯 | fenson | 80-38-6 | C12H9ClO3S |
| 芬格鲁胺 | 3-(2'-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl)-3-phenylpiperidine-2,6-dione | 1156-05-4 | C17H24N2O2 |
| 芥酸酰胺 | erucamide | 112-84-5 | C22H43NO |
| 芥酸甲酯 | methyl cis-13-docosenoate | 1120-34-9 | C23H44O2 |
| 芥酸乙酯 | ethyl erucate | 37910-77-3 | C24H46O2 |
| 芘-4,5-二酮 | pyrene-4,5-dione | 6217-22-7 | C16H8O2 |
| 芘-1-基甲胺 | 1-aminomethylpyrene | 3786-54-7 | C17H13N |
| 芘- 4,5,9,10 -四酮 | pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone | 14727-71-0 | C16H6O4 |
| 芘 | pyrene | 129-00-0 | C16H10 |
| 艾司洛尔杂质02 | N-isopropyl-3-<4-<2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propoxy>phenyl>propionamide | 83356-59-6 | C18H30N2O3 |
| 艾司利卡西平 | S-licarbazepine | 104746-04-5 | C15H14N2O2 |
| 艾可米松 | beclomethasone | 4647-20-5 | C22H29ClO5 |