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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— carbon monoxide;nickel;triphenylphosphanium 13007-90-4 C38H32NiO2P2+2
    carbon monoxide;nickel;triphenylphosphanium
    —— [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate 2545-22-4 C45H74O2
    [(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate
    —— Decasodium diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate 93841-76-0 C9H18N3Na10O15P5
    Decasodium diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate
    —— (1R,2R)-2-Pentyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 5075-48-9 C9H16O2
    (1R,2R)-2-Pentyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— (2E,13Z)-Octadecadienal 99577-57-8 C18H32O
    (2E,13Z)-Octadecadienal
    —— Dermarone 557-05-1 C18H36O2Zn+2
    Dermarone
    —— Potassium heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate 2795-39-3 C8HF17KO3S+
    Potassium heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate
    —— 1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-2-(trichloromethyl)imidazolidine 465543-05-9 C28H39Cl3N2
    1,3-bis[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-2-(trichloromethyl)imidazolidine
    —— 3-Oxobutanoate;oxovanadium(2+) 3153-26-2 C8H10O7V
    3-Oxobutanoate;oxovanadium(2+)
    —— Zirconium citrate 22830-18-8 C24H20O28Zr3
    Zirconium citrate
    —— azane;decanedioic acid 19402-63-2 C10H18O4*2H3N
    azane;decanedioic acid
    —— (3-Carboxy-3-oxopropyl)(hydroxymethyl)oxophosphanium 79778-02-2 C5H8O5P+
    (3-Carboxy-3-oxopropyl)(hydroxymethyl)oxophosphanium
    —— 3-ethylmorpholine hydrochloride 55265-24-2 C6H13NO*ClH
    3-ethylmorpholine hydrochloride
    —— Sodium (hydroxymethyl)sulfinate 149-44-0 CH4NaO3S+
    Sodium (hydroxymethyl)sulfinate
    —— Bis(acetylacetonato)nickel 3264-82-2 C10H14NiO4
    Bis(acetylacetonato)nickel
    —— 5-isopropyl-6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine 651744-16-0 C20H20N8O
    5-isopropyl-6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine
    —— Disodium;2,3-dihydroxypropyl phosphate;hydrate 1334-74-3 C3H9Na2O7P
    Disodium;2,3-dihydroxypropyl phosphate;hydrate
    —— Bismuth tungsten oxide 13595-86-3 Bi2O12W3
    Bismuth tungsten oxide
    —— 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, potassium salt 7778-70-3 C7H5KNS2+
    2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, potassium salt
    —— Dicyclopentadienylcobalt 1277-43-6 C10H10Co
    Dicyclopentadienylcobalt
    —— Cesium molybdate 13597-64-3 Cs2MoO4
    Cesium molybdate
    —— Sodium alpha-naphthalenesulfonate 130-14-3 C10H8NaO3S+
    Sodium alpha-naphthalenesulfonate
    —— 2-(4-Phenylphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine 69432-53-7 C17H9Cl6N3
    2-(4-Phenylphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine
    —— Sodium P-tolyl sulfonate 657-84-1 C7H8NaO3S+
    Sodium P-tolyl sulfonate
    —— vanadium(II) acetylacetonate 3153-26-2 C10H14O4V
    vanadium(II) acetylacetonate
    —— Silanediamine, N,N'-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 186598-40-3 C8H20N2Si
    Silanediamine, N,N'-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
    —— Sodium;docosanoic acid 5331-77-1 C22H44NaO2+
    Sodium;docosanoic acid
    —— Salachlor 141-53-7 CH2NaO2+
    Salachlor
    —— Sodium p-tolylsulfinate 824-79-3 C7H8NaO2S+
    Sodium p-tolylsulfinate
    —— (9S)-2,6,6,9-tetramethyltetracyclo[5.4.0.02,9.08,10]undecane 1137-12-8 C15H24
    (9S)-2,6,6,9-tetramethyltetracyclo[5.4.0.02,9.08,10]undecane
    —— 2-ethylhexanoate;molybdenum 34041-09-3 C48H90MoO12-6
    2-ethylhexanoate;molybdenum
    —— Sodium;hydroxy(phenyl)methanesulfonic acid 4657-12-9 C7H8NaO4S+
    Sodium;hydroxy(phenyl)methanesulfonic acid
    —— 4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate 90525-57-8 C17H20FNO2
    4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl trans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate
    —— Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate 1562-00-1 C2H6NaO4S+
    Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate
    —— Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1), (S)- 28305-25-1 C3H6CaO3+2
    Propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1), (S)-
    —— (6aR,9R)-N-[(1S,2S,4R,7S)-2-hydroxy-5,8-dioxo-4,7-di(propan-2-yl)-3-oxa-6,9-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodecan-4-yl]-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide;methanesulfonic acid 2207-69-4 C32H43N5O8S
    (6aR,9R)-N-[(1S,2S,4R,7S)-2-hydroxy-5,8-dioxo-4,7-di(propan-2-yl)-3-oxa-6,9-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodecan-4-yl]-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide;methanesulfonic acid
    —— Magnesium;sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate 14402-88-1 C10H12MgN2NaO8-
    Magnesium;sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate
    —— Apoatropine hydrochloride 5978-81-4 C17H22ClNO2
    Apoatropine hydrochloride
    —— Isobornyl valerate 6189-76-0 C15H26O2
    Isobornyl valerate
    —— [(1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-hydroxybenzoate 560-88-3 C17H22O3
    [(1S,2R,4S)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-hydroxybenzoate
    —— Dibenzenesulfonamide, sodium salt 2532-07-2 C12H11NNaO4S2+
    Dibenzenesulfonamide, sodium salt
    —— 2-(Nitrooxy)ethylammonium nitrate 4665-58-1 C2H7N3O6
    2-(Nitrooxy)ethylammonium nitrate
    —— Propanoic acid, strontium salt (2:1) 29870-99-3 C3H6O3Sr+2
    Propanoic acid, strontium salt (2:1)
    —— (1S-(1alpha,3Abeta,4alpha,8abeta))-2-(decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-1,4-methanoazulen-9-ylidene)ethanol 5989-05-9 C16H26O
    (1S-(1alpha,3Abeta,4alpha,8abeta))-2-(decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-1,4-methanoazulen-9-ylidene)ethanol
    —— (Z)-3,4,5,6,6-Pentamethylhept-3-en-2-one 81786-73-4 C12H22O
    (Z)-3,4,5,6,6-Pentamethylhept-3-en-2-one
    —— N-[5-(Diethylamino)-2-{(Z)-[1,3,3-tricyano-2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}phenyl]acetamide 140234-93-1 C23H23N7O3
    N-[5-(Diethylamino)-2-{(Z)-[1,3,3-tricyano-2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}phenyl]acetamide
    —— (5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;rhodium;trifluoromethanesulfonate 99326-34-8 C17H24F3O3RhS-
    (5Z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;rhodium;trifluoromethanesulfonate
    —— Magnesium;4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;dihydrate 68488-07-3 C10H18MgO6
    Magnesium;4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;dihydrate
    —— Iron(3+) tris(6-methylheptanoate) 70519-09-4 C24H45FeO6
    Iron(3+) tris(6-methylheptanoate)
    —— 2,5-Dibutoxy-4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzene-1-diazonium zinc chloride (2/1/4) 14726-58-0 C36H56Cl4N6O6Zn
    2,5-Dibutoxy-4-(morpholin-4-yl)benzene-1-diazonium zinc chloride (2/1/4)