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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (Z)-dodec-5-ene 7206-28-2 C12H24
    (Z)-dodec-5-ene
    —— (S)-2-bromobutane 78-76-2 C4H9Br
    (S)-2-bromobutane
    —— 4'-fluorochalcone 399-10-0 C15H11FO
    4'-fluorochalcone
    —— magnesium butyrate 556-45-6 2C4H7O2*Mg
    magnesium butyrate
    —— bis(pentafluorophenyl)zinc 1799-90-2 C12F10Zn
    bis(pentafluorophenyl)zinc
    —— (2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)magnesium chloride 35293-35-7 C10H13Mg*Cl
    (2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)magnesium chloride
    —— <i>cis</i>-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane 624-29-3 C8H16
    <i>cis</i>-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane
    —— 2-phenyl-4-[1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4H-oxazol-5-one 1114339-55-7 C19H17NO5
    2-phenyl-4-[1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4H-oxazol-5-one
    —— cis-1-acetyl-2-methylcyclohexane 5222-62-8 C9H16O
    cis-1-acetyl-2-methylcyclohexane
    —— (+/-)-1-(<i>trans</i>-2-methyl-cyclohexyl)-ethanone 5222-61-7 C9H16O
    (+/-)-1-(<i>trans</i>-2-methyl-cyclohexyl)-ethanone
    —— Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-methyl-, cis- 934-67-8 C8H14O2
    Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-methyl-, cis-
    —— trans-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid 15177-62-5 C8H14O2
    trans-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— calcium acetylacetonate 19372-44-2 C10H14CaO4
    calcium acetylacetonate
    —— 1-(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)ethanone 893739-19-0 C14H11FO
    1-(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)ethanone
    —— (E)-N'-((E)-(dimethylamino)methylene)-N,N-dimethylformohydrazonamide 16114-05-9 C6H14N4
    (E)-N'-((E)-(dimethylamino)methylene)-N,N-dimethylformohydrazonamide
    —— dibenzylphenylphosphane oxide 24442-45-3 C20H19OP
    dibenzylphenylphosphane oxide
    —— 4-bromo-2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol 51345-97-2 C11H15BrO
    4-bromo-2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol
    —— (E)-Cyclododecen 1486-75-5 C12H22
    (E)-Cyclododecen
    —— POTASSIUM HYDROGEN D-GLUCARATE 576-42-1 C6H8O8*2K
    POTASSIUM HYDROGEN D-GLUCARATE
    —— O-benzilic-L-serine-NCA 3309-57-7 C11H11NO4
    O-benzilic-L-serine-NCA
    —— 3-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-<i>cis</i>-crotonic acid 7706-67-4 C12H14O4
    3-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-<i>cis</i>-crotonic acid
    —— P4S10-pyridine complex 16610-51-8 C10H10N2P2S5
    P4S10-pyridine complex
    —— 3-Morpholinylpropyl chloride 7357-67-7 C7H14ClNO
    3-Morpholinylpropyl chloride
    —— O-ethyl(dimethyl) phosphinate 2511-19-5 C4H11O2P
    O-ethyl(dimethyl) phosphinate
    —— (S)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one (2R,3R)-O,O'-dibenzoyltartrate 850222-41-2 C13H19NO2*C18H14O8
    (S)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one (2R,3R)-O,O'-dibenzoyltartrate
    —— 2-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylpropanenitrile 1093879-76-5 C9H9BrN2
    2-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylpropanenitrile
    —— 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane 2088-35-9 C3H4Cl2
    1,1-dichlorocyclopropane
    —— 2-(5-Bromo-2-methoxy-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-ol 956125-10-3 C11H9BrN2O2
    2-(5-Bromo-2-methoxy-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-ol
    —— tert-butyl ester of 3-azidopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid 113451-52-8 C9H16N4O2
    tert-butyl ester of 3-azidopyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-2-methyl-1H-indole 1071105-16-2 C13H10ClN3O
    5-((2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)-2-methyl-1H-indole
    —— 2-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)ethoxy)acetic acid 756874-17-6 C10H19NO5
    2-(2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)ethoxy)acetic acid
    —— 4-Amino-2,6-diisopropyl-phenol 1988-15-4 C12H19NO
    4-Amino-2,6-diisopropyl-phenol
    —— tricyclohexyltin hydride 6056-50-4 C18H34Sn
    tricyclohexyltin hydride
    —— methyl (2S)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]butanoate 93267-05-1 C10H19NO4
    methyl (2S)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]butanoate
    —— Ethanol, germanium(4+) salt (4:1) 14165-55-0 C8H20GeO4
    Ethanol, germanium(4+) salt (4:1)
    —— 3-phenylisoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one 15832-30-1 C11H7N3O2
    3-phenylisoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one
    —— ethyl 2,2-dimethylhex-4-ynoate 116252-14-3 C10H16O2
    ethyl 2,2-dimethylhex-4-ynoate
    —— sodium copper(II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate tetrahydrate 39208-15-6 C10H12CuN2O8*4H2O*2Na
    sodium copper(II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate tetrahydrate
    —— trisodium nitrilotriacetate 5064-31-3 C6H6NNa3O6
    trisodium nitrilotriacetate
    —— Na2{Ni(edt)} 15708-55-1 C10H12N2O8*2Na*Ni
    Na2{Ni(edt)}
    —— nickel(II) benzoate 553-71-9 C14H10NiO4
    nickel(II) benzoate
    —— p-tolylphosphonic dichloride 17566-84-6 C7H7Cl2OP
    p-tolylphosphonic dichloride
    —— 4-chlorophenylphosphonoyl dichloride 22585-81-5 C6H4Cl3OP
    4-chlorophenylphosphonoyl dichloride
    —— 4-Phenylphenylphosphonic dichloride 77918-51-5 C12H9Cl2OP
    4-Phenylphenylphosphonic dichloride
    —— (4-fluorobenzyl)zinc(II) chloride 312693-07-5 C7H6FZn*Cl
    (4-fluorobenzyl)zinc(II) chloride
    —— N-(4-fluorobenzyl)benzenesulfonamide 424819-35-2 C13H12FNO2S
    N-(4-fluorobenzyl)benzenesulfonamide
    —— N-(3-methoxybenzyl)-9Z-octadecenamide 883715-21-7 C26H43NO2
    N-(3-methoxybenzyl)-9Z-octadecenamide
    —— 2,5-dimethoxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde 74422-90-5 C9H9NO5
    2,5-dimethoxy-3-nitrobenzaldehyde
    —— (1S)-cyclooct-4-en-1-ol 4277-34-3 C8H14O
    (1S)-cyclooct-4-en-1-ol
    —— (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone 6275-32-7 C22H22O3
    (2E,6E)-2,6-bis(4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone