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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— sodium;2-[bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;iron 12389-75-2 C14H22FeN3NaO10
    sodium;2-[bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;iron
    —— tert-butyl 6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate 1333319-72-4 C18H24BFN2O4
    tert-butyl 6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate
    —— Cobalt gluconate 71957-08-9 C12H24CoO14
    Cobalt gluconate
    —— Rhodium(cento)2,4-pentanedionate 14284-92-5 C15H24O6Rh
    Rhodium(cento)2,4-pentanedionate
    —— Nitric acid ammonium salt, mixt. with urea 15978-77-5 CH9N4O4+
    Nitric acid ammonium salt, mixt. with urea
    —— Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacidferricsodiumsalttrihydrate 15708-41-5 C10H18FeN2NaO11
    Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacidferricsodiumsalttrihydrate
    —— Magnesium gluconate hydrate 3632-91-5 C12H22MgO14
    Magnesium gluconate hydrate
    —— Tetrasodium imidodiphosphate 26039-10-1 HNNa4O6P2
    Tetrasodium imidodiphosphate
    —— 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-5,12-dione dihydrate 329913-14-6 C10H24N4O4
    1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-5,12-dione dihydrate
    —— Potassium (2Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate--water (2/2/1) 57402-46-7 C10H16K2O5
    Potassium (2Z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate--water (2/2/1)
    —— chromium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;(E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 21679-31-2 C15H24CrO6
    chromium;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;(E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— Thallium(1+) (2E)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate 25955-51-5 C5H7O2Tl
    Thallium(1+) (2E)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate
    —— Iron(2+) cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide (2Z,4S)-2-[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]-4-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-3-ide (1/1/1) 163169-29-7 C28H28FeNOP
    Iron(2+) cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide (2Z,4S)-2-[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]-4-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-3-ide (1/1/1)
    —— Chlororuthenium(1+);(17-diphenylphosphanyl-8,12-dioxatricyclo[11.4.0.02,7]heptadeca-1(13),2(7),3,5,14,16-hexaen-3-yl)-diphenylphosphane;1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene;chloride 905709-79-7 C49H46Cl2O2P2Ru
    Chlororuthenium(1+);(17-diphenylphosphanyl-8,12-dioxatricyclo[11.4.0.02,7]heptadeca-1(13),2(7),3,5,14,16-hexaen-3-yl)-diphenylphosphane;1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene;chloride
    —— 77299-63-9 C12H27AlLiO
    —— Iron(2+) hexafluorophosphate cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide--benzene (1/1/1/1) 12176-31-7 C11H11F6FeP
    Iron(2+) hexafluorophosphate cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide--benzene (1/1/1/1)
    —— Iron(2+) bis{1-[(R)-(dimethylamino)(phenyl)methyl]-2-(diphenylphosphanyl)cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide} 223725-09-5 C52H50FeN2P2
    Iron(2+) bis{1-[(R)-(dimethylamino)(phenyl)methyl]-2-(diphenylphosphanyl)cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide}
    —— (Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;(E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium 14284-93-6 C15H24O6Ru
    (Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;(E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;ruthenium
    —— Ferrozine mono-sodium salt hydrate 63451-29-6 C20H15N4NaO7S2
    Ferrozine mono-sodium salt hydrate
    —— Lead(II) 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate 4146-73-0 C4F6O4Pb
    Lead(II) 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
    —— copper;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid;hydrate 123333-88-0 C4H4CuF6O5
    copper;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid;hydrate
    —— Vanadium triacetylacetonate 13476-99-8 C15H24O6V
    Vanadium triacetylacetonate
    —— Cobalt acetylacetonate 21679-46-9 C15H24CoO6
    Cobalt acetylacetonate
    —— beta-Naphthyl acid phosphate, calcium salt 305808-24-6 C20H18CaO9P2
    beta-Naphthyl acid phosphate, calcium salt
    —— Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;ditert-butyl-[(1R)-1-(2-dicyclohexylphosphanylcyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl)ethyl]phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron(2+) 854019-82-2 C32H52Cl2FeP2Pd
    Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;ditert-butyl-[(1R)-1-(2-dicyclohexylphosphanylcyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl)ethyl]phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron(2+)
    —— Calcium lactobionate monohydrate 110638-68-1 C24H46CaO26
    Calcium lactobionate monohydrate
    —— Tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;tetrahydrate 6381-92-6 C20H36N4Na4O20
    Tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;tetrahydrate
    —— Sodium phosphotungstate monohydrate 312696-30-3 H2Na3O41PW12
    Sodium phosphotungstate monohydrate
    —— Azane;[(2R)-1-[2,3-dihydroxypropoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-3-hexadecanoyloxypropan-2-yl] (E)-octadec-9-enoate 267228-70-6 C40H80NO10P
    Azane;[(2R)-1-[2,3-dihydroxypropoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-3-hexadecanoyloxypropan-2-yl] (E)-octadec-9-enoate
    —— Endosulfan-sulfate 1031-07-8 C9H6Cl6O4S
    Endosulfan-sulfate
    —— (3alpha,4alpha,5alpha,8alpha,13alpha,14beta,16alpha,17Z)-16-(Acetyloxy)-3-hydroxy-4,8,14-trimethyl-18-norcholesta-9(11),17,24-trien-21-oic acid 74048-41-2 C31H46O5
    (3alpha,4alpha,5alpha,8alpha,13alpha,14beta,16alpha,17Z)-16-(Acetyloxy)-3-hydroxy-4,8,14-trimethyl-18-norcholesta-9(11),17,24-trien-21-oic acid
    —— (8R,10S,13S,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3,5'-dioxospiro[2,6,7,8,12,14,15,16-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2'-oxolane]-7-carbonitrile 1197900-95-0 C23H27NO3
    (8R,10S,13S,14S,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-3,5'-dioxospiro[2,6,7,8,12,14,15,16-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2'-oxolane]-7-carbonitrile
    —— (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 100021-05-4 C21H28O2
    (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— Dutasteride Chloro Impurity 1365545-42-1 C27H31ClF6N2O2
    Dutasteride Chloro Impurity
    —— (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 51087-61-7 C21H26O2
    (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    —— Clobenzorex hydrochloride 5843-53-8 C16H19Cl2N
    Clobenzorex hydrochloride
    —— (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-2,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol 176254-10-7 C22H30O2
    (8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-13-Ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-2,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol
    —— Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid 3-Sulfate Disodium Salt 66874-09-7 C26H41NNa2O8S
    Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid 3-Sulfate Disodium Salt
    —— 3-Bromo-5-methoxyimidazo[1,2-A]pyrazine 91775-61-0 C7H6BrN3O
    3-Bromo-5-methoxyimidazo[1,2-A]pyrazine
    —— Methanol--aluminium (1/1) 865-31-6 CH4AlO
    Methanol--aluminium (1/1)
    —— Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, monomethyl ester 110371-28-3 C10H13O4-
    Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, monomethyl ester
    —— Benzoic acid--2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol (1/1) 2005-09-6 C19H24O3
    Benzoic acid--2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol (1/1)
    —— 1,2-Pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid, 2-methyl-, 1-(phenylmethyl) ester, (S)- 63399-71-3 C14H16NO4-
    1,2-Pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid, 2-methyl-, 1-(phenylmethyl) ester, (S)-
    —— Acetic acid--2-iodoethan-1-ol (1/1) 627-10-1 C4H9IO3
    Acetic acid--2-iodoethan-1-ol (1/1)
    —— 1H-Imidazolium, 1-methyl-3-tetradecyl-, nitrate 799246-94-9 C18H37N3O3
    1H-Imidazolium, 1-methyl-3-tetradecyl-, nitrate
    —— 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-, 1-methyl ester 79128-78-2 C9H7O5-
    1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-, 1-methyl ester
    —— 1-(Carboxymethyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium hydrogen sulfate 879270-11-8 C6H12N2O6S
    1-(Carboxymethyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium hydrogen sulfate
    —— Hexadecanedioic acid, mono(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester 843666-27-3 C20H37O4-
    Hexadecanedioic acid, mono(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester
    —— [Arg8]Vasopressin TFA 129979-57-3 C73H93N14O14PolS2
    [Arg8]Vasopressin TFA
    —— potassium 4-methyl-β-styryltrifluoroborate 219718-86-2 C9H9BF3*K
    potassium 4-methyl-β-styryltrifluoroborate