有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(2S-顺)-四氢化-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃 | (2S,4R)-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)tetrahydropyran | 3033-23-6 | C10H18O |
|
(2S,6S)-2,6-二甲基哌嗪 | (2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperazine | 402832-69-3 | C6H14N2 |
|
(2S,6S)-2,6-二甲基吗啉 | (2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholine | 276252-73-4 | C6H13NO |
|
(2S,5S)-N-Boc-5-甲基吡咯烷-2-甲酸 | (2S,5S)-5-methyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester | 334769-80-1 | C11H19NO4 |
|
(2S,5S)-5-羟基哌啶-2-甲酸 | (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid | 63088-78-8 | C6H11NO3 |
|
(2S,5S)-5-[[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]氨基]-1,2,4,5,6,7-六氢-4-氧代-氮杂卓并[3,2,1-hi]吲哚-2-羧酸 | (2S,11S)-11-([[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl]amino)-12-oxo-1-azatricyclo[6.4.1.0^[4,13]]trideca-4(13),5,7-triene-2-carboxylic acid | 204326-24-9 | C28H24N2O5 |
|
(2S,5S)-2,5-己二醇 | (2S,5S)-2,5-hexanediol | 34338-96-0 | C6H14O2 |
|
(2S,5S)-(-)-5-苯基-3-甲基-2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃)-4-咪唑啉酮 | (2S,5S)-5-benzyl-3-methyl-2-(5-methyl-furan-2-yl)-imidazolidin-4-one | 415678-40-9 | C16H18N2O2 |
|
(2S,5R)-6-(苄氧基)-7-氧代-1,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-羧酸 | (2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid | 1174020-25-7 | C14H16N2O4 |
|
(2S,5R)-5-氨基-2-甲基哌啶-1-甲酸苄酯盐酸盐 | benzyl (2S,5R)-5-amino-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride | 1207853-23-3 | C14H20N2O2*ClH |
|
(2S,5R)-5-[(苄基氧基)氨基]哌啶-2-甲酸苄酯乙二酸盐 | benzyl (2S,5R)-5-benzyloxyaminopiperidine-2-carboxylate oxalate | 1171080-45-7 | C2H2O4*C20H24N2O3 |
|
(2S,4s)-Fmoc-4-环己基吡咯烷-2-羧酸 | (2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-(9Hfluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 467438-40-0 | C26H29NO4 |
|
(2S,4s)-1-cbz-4-氨基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯 | (2S,4S)-1-benzyl 2-methyl 4-aminopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate | 207304-86-7 | C14H18N2O4 |
|
(2S,4r)-顺式-4-羟基哌啶-2-羧酸 | (2S,4R)-4-hydroxypipecolic acid | 1844-40-2 | C6H11NO3 |
|
(2S,4r)-4-氨基-吡咯烷-2-羧酸双盐酸盐 | (2S,4R)-4-Aminopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid dihydrochloride | 16257-89-9 | C5H12Cl2N2O2 |
|
(2S,4S)-N,N-二甲基-1-烯丙氧羰基-4-苯甲酰硫基-2-吡咯烷甲酰胺 | (3S,5S)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-3-benzoylthio-5-dimethylaminocarbonylpyrrolidine | 141818-73-7 | C18H22N2O4S |
|
(2S,4S)-4-氟-2-吡咯烷甲醇 | ((2S,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol | 791060-66-7 | C5H10FNO |
|
(2S,4S)-4-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2-(羟甲基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (2S,4S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 791602-93-2 | C16H33NO4Si |
|
(2S,4S)-3-苄氧羰基-4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-恶唑啉-5-酮 | benzyl (2S,4S)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-phenyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate | 171860-41-6 | C18H17NO4 |
|
(2S,4S)-2-氨基甲酰基-4-羟基吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | (4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxy-L-prolinamide | 266337-25-1 | C10H18N2O4 |
|
(2S,4S)-2-(羟甲基)-4-甲氧基吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | (2S,4S)-N-Boc-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxypyrrolidine | 215918-39-1 | C11H21NO4 |
|
(2S,4S)-1-(叔丁氧羰基)-4-(甲氧甲基)吡咯啉-2-羧酸 | (2S,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 1378388-16-9 | C12H21NO5 |
|
(2S,4S)-1,2-二苄氧羰基-4-羟基吡咯烷 | (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid 1,2-bis(phenylmethyl ester) | 132592-07-5 | C20H21NO5 |
|
(2S,4R,7R,8R)-3,3,7,11-四甲基三环[6.3.0.02.4]十一碳-1(11)-烯 | (-)-α-gurjunene | 489-40-7 | C15H24 |
|
(2S,4R)-N-Boc-4-甲基吡咯烷-2-甲酸 | (2S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 364750-80-1 | C11H19NO4 |
|
(2S,4R)-4-苯甲酰氨基-1-(2-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)乙酰基)吡咯烷-2-甲酸 | (2S,4R)-4-benzamido-1-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 943134-34-7 | C19H25N3O6 |
|
(2S,4R)-4-羟基-2-甲基-1-哌啶羧酸叔丁酯 | (2S,4R)-tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate | 790667-91-3 | C11H21NO3 |
|
(2S,4R)-2-(羟甲基)-4-(甲磺酰氧基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | (2S,4R)-N-tetr-butoxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-2-hydroxymethylpyrrolidine | 148017-07-6 | C11H21NO6S |
|
(2S,4R)-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-氯吡咯烷-2-甲酸甲酯 | methyl 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(4R)-chloro-(2S)-pyrrolidinylcarboxylate | 317356-97-1 | C11H18ClNO4 |
|
(2S,4R)-1-叔丁基4-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸酯 | 1-tert-butyl 2-methyl (2S,4R)-4-benzamidopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate | 943134-37-0 | C18H24N2O5 |
|
(2S,4R)-1-Boc-2-氰基-4-羟基吡咯烷 | (2S,4R)-N-Boc-2-cyano-4-hydroxypyrrolidine | 483366-12-7 | C10H16N2O3 |
|
(2S,4R)-1-Boc-2-氨基甲酰基-4-羟基吡咯烷 | tert-butyl (2S,4R)-2-carbamoyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 109384-24-9 | C10H18N2O4 |
|
(2S,4R)-1-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-(三氟甲基)吡咯烷-2-羧酸 | (2S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 470482-44-1 | C11H16F3NO4 |
|
(2S,3s)-3-氨基-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸 | allophenylnorstatine | 62023-62-5 | C10H13NO3 |
|
(2S,3s)-3-(苄氧基羰基氨基)-1-氯-2-羟基-4-苯基丁烷 | N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3(S)-amino-1-chloro-4-phenyl-2(S)-butanol | 128018-43-9 | C18H20ClNO3 |
|
(2S,3s)-1-(2-甲基氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-吡咯烷-3-醇 | (3S)-1-[(2S)-2-(methylamino)-2-phenylethyl]pyrrolidin-3-ol | 142773-73-7 | C13H20N2O |
|
(2S,3S,5S)-5-氨基-2-(N-((5-噻唑基)-甲氧羰基)氨基)-1,6-二苯基-3-羟基己烷 | (2S,3S,5S)-5-Amino-2-(N-((5-thiazolyl)-methoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-hydroxy-1,6-diphenylhexane | 144164-11-4 | C23H27N3O3S |
|
(2S,3S)-5-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-3-羟基-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2,3-二氢-1,5-苯并硫氮杂卓-4-酮盐酸盐 | (2S,3S)-5-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one hydrochloride | 75472-91-2 | C20H24N2O3S*ClH |
|
(2S,3S)-4-[(4-氯苯基)氨基]-2,3-二羟基-4-氧代-丁酸 | (S,S)-(-)-4-chlorotartranilic acid | 46834-56-4 | C10H10ClNO5 |
|
(2S,3S)-3-羟基-1,2-吡咯烷二羧酸 1-叔丁酯 2-甲基酯 | (2S,3S)-1-tert-butyl-2-methyl 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate | 184046-78-4 | C11H19NO5 |
|
(2S,3S)-3-氨基-N-环丙基-2-羟基己酰胺盐酸盐 | (2S,3S)-N-cyclopropyl-3-amino-2-hydroxy hexanamide hydrochloride | 944716-73-8 | C9H18N2O2*ClH |
|
(2S,3S)-(+)-2,3-丁二醇 | (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol | 19132-06-0 | C4H10O2 |
|
(2S,3R)-N-叔丁氧羰基-2,3-二苯基吗啉-6-酮 | (+/-)-tert-butyl 6-oxo-2,3-diphenyl-4-morpholinecarboxylate | 112741-50-1 | C21H23NO4 |
|
(2S,3R)-3-甲氧基-2-((甲氧羰基)氨基)丁酸 | (2S,3R)-3-methoxy-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid | 1007881-21-1 | C7H13NO5 |
|
(2S,3R)-3-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-1,2-环氧-4-苯基丁烷 | tert-butyl [(2R,3S)]-(-)-(1-oxiranyl-2-phenylethyl)carbamate | 156474-22-5 | C15H21NO3 |
|
(2S,3R)-2-苯基吡咯烷-3-羧酸 | (2S,3R)-2-phenylpyrrolidin-1-ium-3-carboxylate | 1241684-17-2 | C11H13NO2 |
|
(2S,3R)-2,3-二羟基-2-异丙基丁酸 [(1R,7aS)-2,3,5,6,7,7a-六氢-1H-吡咯里嗪-1-基]甲酯 | Viridiflorine | 14140-18-2 | C15H27NO4 |
|
(2S,3R)-1-(二甲基氨基)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-3-戊醇 | (2S,3R)-1-(dimethylamino)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpentan-3-ol | 809282-20-0 | C15H25NO2 |
|
(2S)-氨基-4-[(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]丁酸 | 4-<N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino>-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid | 10270-94-7 | C9H18N2O4 |
|
(2S)-N-苄氧羰基-2-吡咯烷甲醛 | (S)-2-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester | 71461-30-8 | C13H15NO3 |
|