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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Benzoic acid, 4-[4-[5-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene]-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]- 64137-49-1 C27H22N4O6
    Benzoic acid, 4-[4-[5-[1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene]-1,3-pentadien-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-
    —— 1-monoricinoleoylglycerol 1323-38-2 C21H40O5
    1-monoricinoleoylglycerol
    —— 4-[4-[[1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene]methyl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid 64137-48-0 C23H18N4O6
    4-[4-[[1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene]methyl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid
    —— (+)-3-piperidino-propane-1,2-diol 4847-93-2 C8H17NO2
    (+)-3-piperidino-propane-1,2-diol
    —— α-Monoricinolein 1323-38-2 C21H40O5
    α-Monoricinolein
    —— (Z)-4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;yttrium(3+);hydrate 207801-29-4 C15H21O6Y*2H2O
    (Z)-4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;yttrium(3+);hydrate
    —— 1-(trans-4-Pentylcyclohexyl)-4-ethoxybenzene 84540-32-9 C19H30O
    1-(trans-4-Pentylcyclohexyl)-4-ethoxybenzene
    —— 1,2,3-tris-(12-acetoxy-octadec-9-enoyloxy)-propane 101-34-8 C63H110O12
    1,2,3-tris-(12-acetoxy-octadec-9-enoyloxy)-propane
    —— 5,6-endo-trimethylene-8-endo-norbornanol 10271-47-3 C10H16O
    5,6-endo-trimethylene-8-endo-norbornanol
    —— 3-chloro-6-methoxy-phthalic acid 98588-75-1 C9H7ClO5
    3-chloro-6-methoxy-phthalic acid
    —— Copper terephthalate trihydrate 28758-10-3 C8H10CuO7
    Copper terephthalate trihydrate
    —— oxalic acid;zinc 547-68-2 C2H2O4Zn
    oxalic acid;zinc
    —— Zinc, bis(2,4-pentanedionato)- 14024-63-6 C10H14O4Zn
    Zinc, bis(2,4-pentanedionato)-
    —— Einecs 214-261-5 1118-38-3 C11H21NO2
    Einecs 214-261-5
    —— 4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;vanadium 13476-99-8 C15H21O6V-3
    4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;vanadium
    —— Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)magnesium(II) 14024-56-7 C10H14MgO4
    Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)magnesium(II)
    —— Europium(3+);2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxohept-3-en-3-olate 15522-71-1 C33H57EuO6
    Europium(3+);2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxohept-3-en-3-olate
    —— (4S)-4-[[4-[(6aS)-3-amino-1-oxo-6a,7,9,10a-tetrahydro-2H-imidazo[1,5-f]pteridin-4-ium-8-yl]benzoyl]amino]-5-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoate 7444-29-3 C20H21N7O6
    (4S)-4-[[4-[(6aS)-3-amino-1-oxo-6a,7,9,10a-tetrahydro-2H-imidazo[1,5-f]pteridin-4-ium-8-yl]benzoyl]amino]-5-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoate
    —— Manganous acetylacetonate 14024-58-9 C10H14MnO4
    Manganous acetylacetonate
    —— 4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;palladium(2+) 14024-61-4 C10H14O4Pd
    4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;palladium(2+)
    —— Tris-(p-nitrophenyl)amin-Radikalkation 20440-93-1 C18H12N4O6
    Tris-(p-nitrophenyl)amin-Radikalkation
    —— 4-bromo-7-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine 942473-89-4 C7H4BrFN2S
    4-bromo-7-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine
    —— 2-(dimethylphosphinoyl)ethanamine 933745-16-5 C4H12NOP
    2-(dimethylphosphinoyl)ethanamine
    —— (1R,2R)-2-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)cyclohexan-1-ol 1942-71-8 C16H24O2
    (1R,2R)-2-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)cyclohexan-1-ol
    —— 2-(tert-butyl)-7-methyl-2H-indazol-5-amine 1429042-34-1 C12H17N3
    2-(tert-butyl)-7-methyl-2H-indazol-5-amine
    —— p-Dimethylamino-phenyl-dipropyl-phosphin 21304-65-4 C14H24NP
    p-Dimethylamino-phenyl-dipropyl-phosphin
    —— 1-(butane-1-sulfonyl)-propan-2-one 91589-37-6 C7H14O3S
    1-(butane-1-sulfonyl)-propan-2-one
    —— (2S,4R)-2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane 59323-76-1 C8H16OS
    (2S,4R)-2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane
    —— 25617-97-4 GaH3N
    —— gallium(I) amide 25617-97-4 GaH2N
    gallium(I) amide
    —— trans-2,5-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran 19969-71-2 C7H12O4
    trans-2,5-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran
    —— 2,5-Dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofurfurylalkohol 19969-71-2 C7H12O4
    2,5-Dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofurfurylalkohol
    —— 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofurfuryl)-methanol 19969-71-2 C7H12O4
    2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofurfuryl)-methanol
    —— cis-13-eicosenoic acid methyl ester 1120-34-9 C21H40O2
    cis-13-eicosenoic acid methyl ester
    —— 1,6,7,12-Tetrachloro-N-N'-bis(octadecyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide 97097-95-5 C60H78Cl4N2O4
    1,6,7,12-Tetrachloro-N-N'-bis(octadecyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide
    —— (E)-N’-(5-bromopyrazin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine 1245215-89-7 C7H9BrN4
    (E)-N’-(5-bromopyrazin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylformamidine
    —— 1r,2t-Dichlor-hexafluor-cyclobutan 356-18-3 C4Cl2F6
    1r,2t-Dichlor-hexafluor-cyclobutan
    —— trans-1-Acetyl-2-methyl-cyclohexan 5222-61-7 C9H16O
    trans-1-Acetyl-2-methyl-cyclohexan
    —— (+)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-phenol 575-81-5 C9H13NO2
    (+)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 3'-guanosinemonophosphate disodium salt 6027-83-4 C10H12N5O8P*2Na
    3'-guanosinemonophosphate disodium salt
    —— 3-Acetylamino-6-chlor-5-methylpyridazin 66346-88-1 C7H8ClN3O
    3-Acetylamino-6-chlor-5-methylpyridazin
    —— (cyclohex-1-en-1-ylethynyl)triethylsilane 21692-54-6 C14H24Si
    (cyclohex-1-en-1-ylethynyl)triethylsilane
    —— N,N-tris[[1-(pyren-1-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl]-amine 1402329-58-1 C60H42N10
    N,N-tris[[1-(pyren-1-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl]-amine
    —— (2S,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-ethylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 1283146-43-9 C12H21NO4
    (2S,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-ethylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— di(1-adamantyl)-tert-butylphosphine 321921-71-5 C24H39P
    di(1-adamantyl)-tert-butylphosphine
    —— AdBippyPhos 1239478-87-5 C44H47N4P
    AdBippyPhos
    —— 4-chloro-2-butenamine hydrochloride 7153-66-4 C4H8ClN*ClH
    4-chloro-2-butenamine hydrochloride
    —— Azobenzol-4,4'-diessigsaeure 101351-18-2 C16H14N2O4
    Azobenzol-4,4'-diessigsaeure
    —— Cadmium tungsten oxide (CdWO4) 7790-85-4 CdO4W-6
    Cadmium tungsten oxide (CdWO4)
    —— Cobalt(3+) cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide hexafluoridophosphate(1-)--methane (1/2/1/1) 12427-42-8 C11H14CoF6P
    Cobalt(3+) cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide hexafluoridophosphate(1-)--methane (1/2/1/1)