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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— tetramethyldiaminomethane radical cation 51-80-9 C5H14N2
    tetramethyldiaminomethane radical cation
    —— 4-<(2)H3>acetylpyridine 63524-81-2 C7H7NO
    4-<(2)H3>acetylpyridine
    —— 1-(4-pyridyl)ethylamine dihydrochloride 174132-32-2 C7H10N2*2ClH
    1-(4-pyridyl)ethylamine dihydrochloride
    —— 3-ethoxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-ylcarboxylic acid 127020-21-7 C7H9NO4
    3-ethoxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-ylcarboxylic acid
    —— 5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine 24966-28-7 C11H9N3O2
    5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile 32884-26-7 C9H9NO2
    2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile
    —— (2-amino-5-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)methanol 1036757-10-4 C7H7BrClNO
    (2-amino-5-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)methanol
    —— 3-bromo-5-(phenylamino)benzoic acid 924650-22-6 C13H10BrNO2
    3-bromo-5-(phenylamino)benzoic acid
    —— 6-Nitrocholesterinacetat 1912-54-5 C29H47NO4
    6-Nitrocholesterinacetat
    —— [(10R,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-6-nitro-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate 1912-54-5 C29H47NO4
    [(10R,13R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-6-nitro-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate
    —— 4,7-diazaspiro[2.5]octane dihydrochloride 145122-56-1 C6H12N2*2ClH
    4,7-diazaspiro[2.5]octane dihydrochloride
    —— (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 1067230-84-5 C12H16O5S
    (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
    —— diphenyl(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)phosphine oxide 62754-68-1 C16H14NOP
    diphenyl(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)phosphine oxide
    —— 2-(2-fluoro-2-(piperidin-4-ylidene)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione 849701-07-1 C15H15FN2O2
    2-(2-fluoro-2-(piperidin-4-ylidene)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione
    —— 3-sulphamoyl-4-chloro-5-aminobenzoic acid 25317-76-4 C7H7ClN2O4S
    3-sulphamoyl-4-chloro-5-aminobenzoic acid
    —— 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)succinic acid dimethyl ester 80314-89-2 C10H13NO4
    2-(pyrrol-1-yl)succinic acid dimethyl ester
    —— 4-isopropylthiazolidine-2-thione 42163-70-2 C6H11NS2
    4-isopropylthiazolidine-2-thione
    —— 4-bromo-3-methyl-2-nitroaniline 854624-54-7 C7H7BrN2O2
    4-bromo-3-methyl-2-nitroaniline
    —— (cyclobutanecarbonyl-amino)-acetic acid 604790-72-9 C7H11NO3
    (cyclobutanecarbonyl-amino)-acetic acid
    —— (R)-4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-hydroxybutanoic acid 42491-77-0 C12H15NO5
    (R)-4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-hydroxybutanoic acid
    —— 4-chloro-2,7-dimethylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine 936837-34-2 C8H7ClN2S
    4-chloro-2,7-dimethylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine
    —— N-Methyl-N,N-di-<2-(4-pyridyl)ethylamine> 128225-22-9 C15H19N3
    N-Methyl-N,N-di-<2-(4-pyridyl)ethylamine>
    —— 4-(isocyanatomethyl)benzonitrile 1205556-81-5 C9H6N2O
    4-(isocyanatomethyl)benzonitrile
    —— 2-<1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyledene>hydrazinecarboxamide 392-10-9 C9H10FN3O
    2-<1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyledene>hydrazinecarboxamide
    —— 2-amino-6-methyl-5-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one dihydrochloride 152946-64-0 C14H12N4OS*2ClH
    2-amino-6-methyl-5-(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)-3H-quinazolin-4-one dihydrochloride
    —— methyl (2R) 2-<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl amino>butyrate 112392-65-1 C10H19NO4
    methyl (2R) 2-<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl amino>butyrate
    —— 1-ethyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole 1233525-88-6 C11H19BN2O2
    1-ethyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole
    —— 6-methyl-1-oxo-indan-4-carboxylic acid 510774-01-3 C11H10O3
    6-methyl-1-oxo-indan-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 1,2-di(6-acetylpyrid-2-yl)ethyne 874379-29-0 C16H12N2O2
    1,2-di(6-acetylpyrid-2-yl)ethyne
    —— 5-(pyridin-3-yl)isophthalic acid 1264068-70-3 C13H9NO4
    5-(pyridin-3-yl)isophthalic acid
    —— sodium 4-amino-N-(4-methylphenyl)naphthalimide-3-sulfonate 2391-30-2 C19H13N2O5S*Na
    sodium 4-amino-N-(4-methylphenyl)naphthalimide-3-sulfonate
    —— iron(II) picrate 14866-25-2 2C6H2N3O7*Fe
    iron(II) picrate
    —— di-(4-fluorophenyl)methyl ether 1332707-99-9 C26H18F4O
    di-(4-fluorophenyl)methyl ether
    —— (R)-α-fluoro-β-alanine 88099-66-5 C3H6FNO2
    (R)-α-fluoro-β-alanine
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid-3-isopropylester-5-β-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)-ethyl ester hydrochloride 54527-77-4 C28H33N3O6*ClH
    2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid-3-isopropylester-5-β-(N-benzyl-N-methylamino)-ethyl ester hydrochloride
    —— 2-(4-(5,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetic acid 1044870-44-1 C18H16N2O6
    2-(4-(5,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)phenoxy)acetic acid
    —— (S)-2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine 22083-78-9 C9H12N2
    (S)-2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
    —— bis(p-tolyl)-(2-phenylethynyl)phosphine 61123-75-9 C22H19P
    bis(p-tolyl)-(2-phenylethynyl)phosphine
    —— 13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol 852-82-4 C22H28O2
    13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-3-methoxy-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-ol
    —— 1-Butyl-2-chloroindole-3-carbaldehyde 64788-57-4 C13H14ClNO
    1-Butyl-2-chloroindole-3-carbaldehyde
    —— Cyclopenta(c)pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 1-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-, (1S-(1alpha,4aalpha,5alpha,7aalpha))- 18842-99-4 C16H22O11
    Cyclopenta(c)pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 1-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-, (1S-(1alpha,4aalpha,5alpha,7aalpha))-
    —— dimethyl 4,4'-(2-hydroxyacetyl)dibenzoate 40742-02-7 C18H16O6
    dimethyl 4,4'-(2-hydroxyacetyl)dibenzoate
    —— n-Docosylphthalimid 107513-47-3 C30H49NO2
    n-Docosylphthalimid
    —— sodium 4-hydroxy-3-phenylbutanoate 40951-19-7 C10H11O3*Na
    sodium 4-hydroxy-3-phenylbutanoate
    —— (R)-<(p-Trifluoromethyl)phenyl>glycine 144789-73-1 C9H8F3NO2
    (R)-<(p-Trifluoromethyl)phenyl>glycine
    —— trans-4'-(p-tolyl)-[1,1'-Bi(cyclohexan)]-4-one 125962-80-3 C19H26O
    trans-4'-(p-tolyl)-[1,1'-Bi(cyclohexan)]-4-one
    —— ω-phenyl cholesteryl acetate 33998-26-4 C35H52O2
    ω-phenyl cholesteryl acetate
    —— 3-boc-amino-5-methoxyaniline 1267028-34-1 C12H18N2O3
    3-boc-amino-5-methoxyaniline
    —— N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-ethanediamine 137944-39-9 C18H18F6N2
    N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-bis(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-ethanediamine
    —— (+/-) trans-methyl 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(chloroacetyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carboline-3-carboxylate 629652-42-2 C22H19ClN2O5
    (+/-) trans-methyl 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(chloroacetyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carboline-3-carboxylate