有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(3S,10S,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2S,3R)-3-羟基-6-甲基庚-5-烯-2-基]-4,4,10,13,14-五甲基-2,3,5,6,7,11,12,15,16,17-十氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲-3-醇 | inotodiol | 35963-37-2 | C30H50O2 |
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(3S)-氧杂戊-3-基甲胺盐酸盐 | (S)-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 1403763-27-8 | C5H11NO*ClH |
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(3S)-N-苄基-3-羟基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮 | (3S)-1-benzyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione | 101469-91-4 | C11H11NO3 |
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(3S)-4-氨基-3-苯基丁酸盐酸盐 | 4-amino-(3S)-3-phenyl-butyric acid hydrochloride | 52950-37-5 | C10H13NO2*ClH |
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(3S)-3-甲酰基-1-吡咯烷甲酸叔丁酯 | (S)-tert-butyl 3-formylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 191348-04-6 | C10H17NO3 |
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(3S)-3-环丙基-3-(3-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯 | (S)-methyl 3-cyclopropyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate | 1142223-08-2 | C13H16O3 |
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(3S)-3-{[(苄氧基)羰基]氨基}-3-苯丙酸 | Z-D-β-homophenylglycine | 14441-08-8 | C17H17NO4 |
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(3S)-3-[4-[7-(氨基羰基)-2H-吲唑-2-基]苯基]哌啶对甲苯磺酸盐 | niraparib tosylate | 1038915-73-9 | C7H8O3S*C19H20N4O |
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(3S)-3-(溴甲基)-1-吡咯烷甲酸叔丁酯 | (S)-N-boc-3-bromomethylpyrrolidine | 1067230-64-1 | C10H18BrNO2 |
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(3S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基)氨基-1-氯-4-苯基-2-丁酮 | (S)-tert-butyl (4-chloro-3-oxo-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)carbamate | 102123-74-0 | C15H20ClNO3 |
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(3S)-3-(4-羟苯基)己-4-炔酸 | (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-4-ynoic acid | 865233-35-8 | C12H12O3 |
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(3S)-3-((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)-1-(环丙基氨基)-1-氧代己烷-2-基乙酸酯 | acetic acid (2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-cyclopropylcarbamoylpentyl ester | 856707-38-5 | C16H28N2O5 |
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(3S)-2’,4’,5’-三氟-3-羟基苯丁酸 | 4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-3(S)-hydroxybutanoic acid | 868071-17-4 | C10H9F3O3 |
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(3S)-(9CI)-3-羟基-D-脯氨酸甲酯 | (2R,3S)-Methyl 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylate | 405165-00-6 | C6H11NO3 |
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(3S)-(-)-3-(二甲氨基)吡咯烷 | (S)-(-)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidine | 132883-44-4 | C6H14N2 |
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(3R,7aR)-3-(叔丁基)-1,5-二氧代二氢-1H,3H-吡咯并[1,2-c]噁唑-7a(5H)-甲醛 | (3R,7aR)-3-(tert-butyl)-1,5-dioxohexahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazole-7a-carbaldehyde | 1214741-19-1 | C11H15NO4 |
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(3R,6R)2,7-二甲基-3,6-辛二醇 | (S*,S*)-2,7-dimethyl-3,6-octanediol | 374791-05-6 | C10H22O2 |
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(3R,6R)-3,6-辛二醇 | (R,R)-octane-3,6-diol | 129619-37-0 | C8H18O2 |
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(3R,5r)-3,5-二甲基吗啉 | (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethylmorpholine | 591779-91-8 | C6H13NO |
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(3R,5S)-5-甲基吡咯烷-3-醇 | (3R,5S)-5-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol | 1108234-23-6 | C5H11NO |
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(3R,5S)-5-{[双(4-甲氧基苯基)(苯基)甲氧基]甲基}吡咯烷-3-醇 | (3R,5S)-5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]methyl]-3-pyrrolidinol | 151953-64-9 | C26H29NO4 |
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(3R,5S)-5-(羟基甲基)-1-甲苯磺酰吡咯烷-3-醇 | (3R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-tosylpyrrolidin-3-ol | 5605-46-9 | C12H17NO4S |
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(3R,5R)-5-甲基-3-吡咯烷醇盐酸盐(1:1) | (3R,5R)-5-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol hydrochloride | 857651-11-7 | C5H11NO*ClH |
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(3R,5R)-(-)-3,5-庚二醇 | (R,R)-3,5-Heptanediol | 77291-90-8 | C7H16O2 |
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(3R,4r,5r)-3-氟-4-羟基-5-(羟基甲基)二氢呋喃-2(3h)-酮 | 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-ribono-1,4-lactone | 224957-07-7 | C5H7FO4 |
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(3R,4S)-4-氨基-3-氟哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3R,4S)-4-amino-3-fluoropiperidine-1-carboxylate | 907544-17-6 | C10H19FN2O2 |
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(3R,4S)-3-(1-乙氧基乙氧基)-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮 | 3-(1-Ethoxyethoxy)-4-phenylazetidin-2-one | 201856-48-6 | C13H17NO3 |
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(3R,4S)-3-(1-乙氧乙氧基)-2-氧-4-苯基-吖丁啶羧酸叔丁基酯 | 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-(3R,4S)-3-EEO-4-phenylazetidin-2-one | 201856-57-7 | C18H25NO5 |
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(3R,4S)-1-苯甲酰-3-(1-乙氧乙氧基)-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮 | (3R,4S)-3-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-4-(phenyl)-N-benzoyl-2-azetidinone | 201856-53-3 | C20H21NO4 |
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(3R,4S)-1-叔丁氧基羰基-3-乙酰氧基-4-苯基-2-丙内酰胺 | (3R,4S)-1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-3-acetoxy-4-phenyl-2-azetidinone | 161183-22-8 | C16H19NO5 |
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(3R,4R,5R)-5-(羟基甲基)哌啶-3,4-二醇盐酸盐 | isofagomine | 169105-89-9 | C6H13NO3 |
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(3R,4R)-N-Cbz-3,4-二氟吡咯烷 | (3R,4R)-benzyl 3,4-difluoropyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 790658-58-1 | C12H13F2NO2 |
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(3R,4R)-N-BOC-3-羟基-4-氨基哌啶 | (3R,4R)-tert-butyl 4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate | 1007596-95-3 | C10H20N2O3 |
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(3R,4R)-4-氨基-3-氟哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3R,4R)-4-amino-3-fluoropiperidine-1-carboxylate | 1260612-08-5 | C10H19FN2O2 |
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(3R,4R)-4-异丙基吡咯烷-3-羧酸 | trans-4-isopropylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid | 261896-36-0 | C8H15NO2 |
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(3R,4R)-1-(叔丁氧羰基)-3,4-二羟基吡咯烷 | tert-butyl (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 150986-62-2 | C9H17NO4 |
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(3R,3AR,6R,6AR)-3,6-二(烯丙氧基)六氢呋喃并[3,2-B]呋喃 | (3R,3aR,6R,6aR)-3,6-bis(allyloxy)hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan | 103536-97-6 | C12H18O4 |
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(3R)-噁烷-3-甲醇 | (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methanol | 124506-31-6 | C5H10O2 |
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(3R)-7,2'-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷 | isomucronulatol | 64474-51-7 | C17H18O5 |
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(3R)-3-羟基癸酸 | (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoic acid | 19525-80-5 | C10H20O3 |
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(3R)-3-溴甲基-1-吡咯烷甲酸叔丁酯 | (R)-tert-butyl 3-(bromomethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1067230-65-2 | C10H18BrNO2 |
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(3R)-3-吗啉乙醇 | 2-[(3R)-morpholin-3-yl]ethanol | 917572-32-8 | C6H13NO2 |
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(3R)-3-[[(1,1-二甲基乙炔氧基)羰基]氨基]-丁酸 | (R)-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid | 159991-23-8 | C9H17NO4 |
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(3R)-3-[(叔丁氧羰基)氨基]哌啶-1-甲酸苄酯 | (R)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester | 485820-12-0 | C18H26N2O4 |
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(3R)-1-苄基吡咯烷-3-羧酸盐酸盐 | (R)-1-Benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride | 1082055-65-9 | C12H15NO2*ClH |
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(3R)-1-甲基-3-吡咯烷甲醇 | [(3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl]methanol | 1210935-33-3 | C6H13NO |
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(3R)-(+)-3-乙酰氨基吡咯烷 | (R)-N-(pyrrolidin-3-yl)acetamide | 131900-62-4 | C6H12N2O |
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(3R)-(+)-1-苄基-3-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)吡咯烷 | (3R)-1-benzyl-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]pyrrolidine | 131878-23-4 | C16H24N2O2 |
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(3E,8Z,11Z)- 十四碳三烯乙酸酯 | (3E,8Z,11Z)-tetradeca-3,8,11-trien-1-yl acetate | 163041-94-9 | C16H26O2 |
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(3E,5E)-3,6,10-三甲基十一碳-3,5,9-三烯-2-酮 | pseudoionone | 1117-41-5 | C14H22O |
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