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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Zinc 2,4-pentanedionate monohydrate 14363-15-6 C5H10O3Zn+2
    Zinc 2,4-pentanedionate monohydrate
    —— Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate), monosodium salt 1172-42-5 C10H15N5NaO10P2+
    Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate), monosodium salt
    —— Chromyl chloride 14977-61-8 Cl2CrO2
    Chromyl chloride
    —— 4-propyl-4'-pentyl-1,1'-bi(cyclohexane) 92263-41-7 C20H38
    4-propyl-4'-pentyl-1,1'-bi(cyclohexane)
    —— Zenite 155-04-4 C7H5NS2Zn+2
    Zenite
    —— Hafnocene dichloride 12116-66-4 C10H10Cl2Hf
    Hafnocene dichloride
    —— 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxylic acid 615568-49-5 C8H6N2O4
    2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazine-7-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-bromo-3-methyl-5-nitro-phenylamine 631911-97-2 C7H7BrN2O2
    2-bromo-3-methyl-5-nitro-phenylamine
    —— copper;methanesulfonic acid 54253-62-2 CH4CuO3S+2
    copper;methanesulfonic acid
    —— Prop-2-enyl 4-benzoylsulfanyl-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 141818-73-7 C18H22N2O4S
    Prop-2-enyl 4-benzoylsulfanyl-2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 19-O-acetylchaetoglobosin A 50939-69-0 C34H38N2O6
    19-O-acetylchaetoglobosin A
    —— N-Cyclohexyl-N'-(2-fluorsulfonyl-phenyl)-harnstoff 59651-56-8 C13H17FN2O3S
    N-Cyclohexyl-N'-(2-fluorsulfonyl-phenyl)-harnstoff
    —— (Carboxymethyl)dimethyl-3-[(1-oxooctadecyl)amino]propylammonium hydroxide 6179-44-8 C25H52N2O4
    (Carboxymethyl)dimethyl-3-[(1-oxooctadecyl)amino]propylammonium hydroxide
    —— Azanium;ZINC;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate 67859-51-2 C10H16N3O8Zn-
    Azanium;ZINC;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate
    —— Indophenol,6-dichloro-, sodium salt 620-45-1 C12H7Cl2NNaO2+
    Indophenol,6-dichloro-, sodium salt
    —— 3-(Cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-YL)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-EN-1-one 1088-08-0 C15H14O4
    3-(Cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-YL)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-EN-1-one
    —— 2-[4-[3-(2-Chlorothioxanthen-9-ylidene)propyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanol;hydrochloride 633-59-0 C22H26Cl2N2OS
    2-[4-[3-(2-Chlorothioxanthen-9-ylidene)propyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanol;hydrochloride
    —— 2,2'-(vinylenedi-p-phenylene)bis[5-ethylbenzoxazole] 4782-14-3 C32H26N2O2
    2,2'-(vinylenedi-p-phenylene)bis[5-ethylbenzoxazole]
    —— Ru(tmhd)<sub>3</sub> 38625-54-6 C33H57O6Ru
    Ru(tmhd)<sub>3</sub>
    —— cyclopenta-1,3-diene;nickel(2+) 1271-28-9 C10H10Ni
    cyclopenta-1,3-diene;nickel(2+)
    —— 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-5-oxohept-3-en-3-olate;ytterbium(3+) 15492-52-1 C33H57O6Yb
    2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-5-oxohept-3-en-3-olate;ytterbium(3+)
    —— Tris(2,4-pentanedionato)cobalt(III) 21679-46-9 C15H21CoO6
    Tris(2,4-pentanedionato)cobalt(III)
    —— Detda 75389-89-8 C22H36N4
    Detda
    —— D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate dicalcium salt 6055-82-9 C6H10Ca2O12P2
    D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate dicalcium salt
    —— Bis(3,5,3',5'-dimethoxydibenzylideneacetone) palladium(0) 811862-77-8 C42H44O10Pd
    Bis(3,5,3',5'-dimethoxydibenzylideneacetone) palladium(0)
    —— 3,4-dibromo-1H-indazole 885521-68-6 C7H4Br2N2
    3,4-dibromo-1H-indazole
    —— 4-Amino-2-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid 1000342-08-4 C9H9NO4
    4-Amino-2-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid
    —— 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2H-indazole-3-carbaldehyde 885520-72-9 C8H4BrFN2O
    6-bromo-4-fluoro-2H-indazole-3-carbaldehyde
    —— {[3-bromo-4-(methyloxy)phenyl]methyl}amine hydrochloride 1134716-28-1 C8H10BrNO*ClH
    {[3-bromo-4-(methyloxy)phenyl]methyl}amine hydrochloride
    —— 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-amine 1840-77-3 C10H14FN
    1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-amine
    —— Tert-butyl 2-chloro-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate 934570-60-2 C8H10ClNO2S
    Tert-butyl 2-chloro-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate
    —— 1-Benzyl-4-pyrrolidinopiperidine dihydrochloride 4983-38-4 C16H25ClN2
    1-Benzyl-4-pyrrolidinopiperidine dihydrochloride
    —— (2,3,4,6-Tetrafluorophenyl)methanaminium chloride 1078610-94-2 C7H6ClF4N
    (2,3,4,6-Tetrafluorophenyl)methanaminium chloride
    —— 32014-22-5 C7H7BrNaO3S
    —— Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;cyclopenta-2,4-diene-1-carbaldehyde;iron(2+) 12093-10-6 C11H2FeO-8
    Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;cyclopenta-2,4-diene-1-carbaldehyde;iron(2+)
    —— Sodium p-toluenesulfonic acid 657-84-1 C7H8NaO3S
    Sodium p-toluenesulfonic acid
    —— Octadecanoic acid, cobalt(2+) salt 13586-84-0 C18H36CoO2
    Octadecanoic acid, cobalt(2+) salt
    —— 928-72-3 C4H7NNaO4
    —— Sodium 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid 54970-72-8 C6H4Cl2NaO4S+
    Sodium 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid
    —— (Trifluoromethylthio) silver(I) 811-68-7 CHAgF3S
    (Trifluoromethylthio) silver(I)
    —— Wln: Z1R dnw &GH 18600-42-5 C7H8ClN2O2-
    Wln: Z1R dnw &GH
    —— cyclopenta-1,3-diene;1-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylethanone;iron(2+) 1271-55-2 C12H4FeO-8
    cyclopenta-1,3-diene;1-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylethanone;iron(2+)
    —— 2-Amino-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid; sodium 6627-59-4 C7H8ClNNaO3S
    2-Amino-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid; sodium
    —— 16698-16-1 C12H11NNaO8S2
    —— m-Nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride 636-95-3 C6H7ClN3O2-
    m-Nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride
    —— Oxonate 2207-75-2 C4H3KN3O4+
    Oxonate
    —— Phenol, hydrogen sulfate (ester), potassium salt 6217-68-1 C6H5KNO6S+
    Phenol, hydrogen sulfate (ester), potassium salt
    —— D,L-2-aminohexadecanoic acid hydrochloride 5440-52-8 C16H33NO2*ClH
    D,L-2-aminohexadecanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— Tiferron 149-45-1 C6H6NaO8S2+
    Tiferron
    —— Sodium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid 1655-29-4 C10H8NaO6S2+
    Sodium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid