有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1,1'-(4,6-二羟基苯)二乙酮 | 1-(5-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-ethanone | 2161-85-5 | C10H10O4 |
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1,1'-(2,3-二甲基-1,4-丁烷二基)二(3,4-二甲氧基苯) | terameprocol | 24150-24-1 | C22H30O4 |
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1,1'-(2,2-丙烷二基)二[3,5-二溴-4-(2,3-二溴-2-甲基丙氧基)苯] | 2,2-bis[3,5-dibromo-4-(2,3-dibromo-2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]propane | 97416-84-7 | C23H24Br8O2 |
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1,1'-(1,3-丙烷二基)二苯 | 4,4'-dimethyldiphenylmethane | 4957-14-6 | C15H16 |
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1,1'-(1,2-乙二基)二[二苯基-氧膦] | 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)ethane | 4141-50-8 | C26H24O2P2 |
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1,1'-(1,1,3-三甲基-1,3-丙二基)二环己烷 | 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methyl pentane | 38970-72-8 | C18H34 |
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1,1',1''-(1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三基三亚氨基)三蒽醌 | 2,4,6-Tris-(anthrachinonyl-(1)-amino)-1,3,5-triazin | 4988-89-0 | C45H24N6O6 |
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1,1'(十二烷-1,12-二基)二苯 | 1,12-diphenyldodecane | 5368-74-1 | C24H34 |
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1(10)-马兜铃烯-2-酮 | Δ<sup>1,10</sup>-Aristolenon-(2) | 28398-06-3 | C15H22O |
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1',3'-二氢螺[咪唑烷-4,2'-茚]-2,5-二酮 | (+/-)spiro[imidazolidine-4,2'-indane]-2,5-dione | 27473-61-6 | C11H10N2O2 |
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1',3',5'-三苯基-1'H-1,4'-联吡唑 | 1-(1,3,5-triphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole | 894085-99-5 | C24H18N4 |
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1 -苯基-1H -苯并咪唑 | 1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazole | 2622-60-8 | C13H10N2 |
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1 -甲基- 1H-吡唑- 4 -腈 | 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile | 66121-71-9 | C5H5N3 |
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-甲氧基苯基丙酸 | 3-(5-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid | 900021-53-6 | C10H11FO3 |
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-BIOTIN亚磷酰胺单体 | DMT-Biotin-C6 Phosphoramidite | 135137-87-0 | C46H64N5O6PS |
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(螺[2.5]辛烷-1-基甲基)胺1HCL | (Spiro[2.5]oct-1-ylmethyl)amine | 938458-82-3 | C9H17N |
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(苯磺酰)乙酸 | benzenesulfonylacetic acid | 3959-23-7 | C8H8O4S |
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(苯甲酰氧基)三丁基锡 | (Benzoyloxy)tributylstannan | 4342-36-3 | C19H32O2Sn |
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(苯甲基硫)丙酮 | benzylthioacetone | 10230-69-0 | C10H12OS |
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(苯氧基乙酰基)氨基]乙酸 | N-(phenoxy-acetyl)glycine | 14231-45-9 | C10H11NO4 |
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(苯基硫醇)乙酰氯 | (phenylthio)acetic acid chloride | 7031-27-8 | C8H7ClOS |
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(苯基)(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲醇 | phenyl(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methanol | 216087-92-2 | C12H16O2 |
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(苯乙炔基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium (2-phenylethynyl)trifluoroborate | 485338-93-0 | C8H5BF3*K |
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(苄氧羰基甲基)三苯基溴化膦 | benzyloxycarbonylmethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide | 78385-36-1 | Br*C27H24O2P |
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(苄氧基甲基)三苯基氯化膦 | (benzyloxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride | 75772-01-9 | C26H24OP*Cl |
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(膦酰氧基)乙酸 | 2-phosphoglycolic acid | 13147-57-4 | C2H5O6P |
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(羧甲基)三甲基铵溴化物 | Betainhydrobromid | 5938-06-7 | Br*C5H12NO2 |
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(碘甲基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium iodomethyltrifluoroborate | 888711-47-5 | CH2BF3I*K |
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(甲氧基甲基)膦酸二乙酯 | diethyl (methoxymethyl)phosphonate | 32806-04-5 | C6H15O4P |
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(甲氧基甲基)环氧乙烷 | glycidyl methyl ether | 930-37-0 | C4H8O2 |
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(甲氧基甲基)三苯基溴化膦 | methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide | 33670-32-5 | Br*C20H20OP |
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(甲基磺酰)甲烷磺酰氯 | (methylsulphonyl)-methanesulphonyl chloride | 22317-89-1 | C2H5ClO4S2 |
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(甲基亚胺)二-乙腈 | N-methyliminodiacetonitrile | 5423-24-5 | C5H7N3 |
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(甲基{[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]羰基}氨基)(苯基)乙酸 | N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)phenylsarcosine | 30925-08-7 | C14H19NO4 |
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(环己基甲基)溴化镁 | Magnesium;methanidylcyclohexane;bromide | 35166-78-0 | C7H13BrMg |
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(环己基氨甲基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium N-cyclohexyl-aminomethyltrifluoroborate | 888711-52-2 | C7H14BF3N*K |
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(环丙基甲基)肼盐酸 | (cyclopropylmethyl)hydrazine dihydrochloride | 1181457-83-9 | C4H10N2*2ClH |
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(溴甲基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium bromomethyl trifluoroborate | 888711-44-2 | CH2BBrF3*K |
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(氰基甲基)三苯基溴化膦 | (cyanomethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide | 15898-47-2 | Br*C20H17NP |
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(氯甲基)萘 | 1-Chloromethylnaphthalene | 86-52-2 | C11H9Cl |
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(氯甲基)二苯基氧膦 | diphenyl(chloromethyl)phosphine oxide | 1806-49-1 | C13H12ClOP |
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(氯甲基)三苯基碘化膦 | (chloromethyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide | 68089-86-1 | C19H17ClP*I |
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(棕榈酰氧基)-L-抗坏血酸 | (Palmitoyloxy)-L-ascorbic acid | 1330-84-3 | C22H38O7 |
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(异氰亚氨基)三苯基膦 | (isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane | 73789-56-7 | C19H15N2P |
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(对硝基苯基)丙酮酸 | 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxopropanoic acid | 38335-24-9 | C9H7NO5 |
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(对甲苯基)硫代膦酰二氯 | p-Tolylthiophosphonsaeuredichlorid | 6588-16-5 | C7H7Cl2PS |
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(四氢硫代吡喃-4-甲基)胺盐酸盐 | tetrahydrothiopyran-4-ylmethylamine hydrochloride | 950603-21-1 | C6H13NS*ClH |
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(四氢吡喃-4-亚基)乙酸甲酯 | methyl (tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-yl)idene acetate | 138302-49-5 | C8H12O3 |
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(四氢吡喃-3-基)甲醇 | (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)methanol | 14774-36-8 | C6H12O2 |
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(四氢吡喃-2-基)甲基胺盐酸盐 | (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 683233-12-7 | C6H13NO*ClH |
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