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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[(4-bromophenyl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 3035-94-7 C12H9BrN2O
    4-[(4-bromophenyl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— trityl phenoxide 5447-80-3 C25H20O
    trityl phenoxide
    —— (E)-3-[2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-1H-pyrazole 1070881-42-3 C9H8N2S
    (E)-3-[2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-1H-pyrazole
    —— ampicillin (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl ester hydrochloride 80734-02-7 C21H23N3O7S*ClH
    ampicillin (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl ester hydrochloride
    —— 2,5-di-O-allyl-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol 6338-34-7 C12H18O4
    2,5-di-O-allyl-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol
    —— 2-[(11-bromoundecyl)oxy]tetrahydro-2H-pyran 52056-69-6 C16H31BrO2
    2-[(11-bromoundecyl)oxy]tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— KEMP'S TRIACID 79410-20-1 C12H18O6
    KEMP'S TRIACID
    —— 2-cubylacetic acid 135191-75-2 C10H10O2
    2-cubylacetic acid
    —— (3R)-4-[2-chloro-6-(methylsulfanylmethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-3-methylmorpholine 1352227-15-6 C11H16ClN3OS
    (3R)-4-[2-chloro-6-(methylsulfanylmethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-3-methylmorpholine
    —— Mordant Black 17 2538-79-6 C20H14N2O5S
    Mordant Black 17
    —— (+/-)-Deacylketoconazole 67914-61-8 C24H26Cl2N4O3
    (+/-)-Deacylketoconazole
    —— (R)-3-(2-amino-2-phenylethyl)-5-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 830346-50-4 C28H24F5N3O3
    (R)-3-(2-amino-2-phenylethyl)-5-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— bis[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]diazene 97654-99-4 C14H12Br2N2
    bis[4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]diazene
    —— 1-aminotetrazole 5378-49-4 CH3N5
    1-aminotetrazole
    —— phosphoenolpyruvic acid monopotassium salt 4265-07-0 C3H4O6P*K
    phosphoenolpyruvic acid monopotassium salt
    —— potassium picrate 573-83-1 C6H2N3O7*K
    potassium picrate
    —— sodium methylparaben 5026-62-0 C8H7O3*Na
    sodium methylparaben
    —— titanium(IV) propoxide 3087-37-4 4C3H7O*Ti
    titanium(IV) propoxide
    —— N-methyl-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 1301761-48-7 C10H14N2O5S
    N-methyl-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— naphthalene monoanion 91-20-3 C10H8
    naphthalene monoanion
    —— 2-isopropoxybenzamide 63920-58-1 C10H13NO2
    2-isopropoxybenzamide
    —— 4-isopropoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile 1035217-13-0 C11H10F3NO
    4-isopropoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile
    —— rimantadine 666748-70-5 C12H21N
    rimantadine
    —— sodium lauroyl lactylate 13557-75-0 C18H31O6*Na
    sodium lauroyl lactylate
    —— N-(6-hydroxypentyl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide 1257340-38-7 C13H25NO2S2
    N-(6-hydroxypentyl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide
    —— sodium lipoate 2319-84-8 C8H13O2S2*Na
    sodium lipoate
    —— trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-5-yl ester 1255206-73-5 C10H7F3O5S
    trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-5-yl ester
    —— 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-nicotinic acid methyl ester cation 63-75-2 C8H13NO2*H
    1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-nicotinic acid methyl ester cation
    —— (6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionato)silver(I) 76121-99-8 Ag*C10H10F7O2
    (6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionato)silver(I)
    —— 2-(3,4-diaminophenyl)-6-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)benzimidazole 23491-49-8 C18H22N6
    2-(3,4-diaminophenyl)-6-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)benzimidazole
    —— potassium sorbate 24634-61-5 C6H7O2*K
    potassium sorbate
    —— N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride 38260-01-4 C6H18N4*2ClH
    N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride
    —— methyl 3-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)benzoate 775304-79-5 C9H10N2O3
    methyl 3-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)benzoate
    —— 3-(N-2-fluorobenzoylcarbamimidoyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester 775304-80-8 C16H13FN2O4
    3-(N-2-fluorobenzoylcarbamimidoyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester
    —— 3-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)prop-2-enoic acid 198707-57-2 C11H10O3
    3-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
    —— 1-ethynyl-4-(methoxymethoxy)-2-methylbenzene 1258595-03-7 C11H12O2
    1-ethynyl-4-(methoxymethoxy)-2-methylbenzene
    —— sodium 3-mercaptopyruvate 10255-67-1 C3H3O3S*Na
    sodium 3-mercaptopyruvate
    —— 3-methoxypropyl p-toluenesulfonate 54646-36-5 C11H16O4S
    3-methoxypropyl p-toluenesulfonate
    —— cyanoacetylcyanamide monosodium 1189-10-2 C4H2N3O*Na
    cyanoacetylcyanamide monosodium
    —— Brom-formamidinium 29671-93-0 BrH*CH3BrN2
    Brom-formamidinium
    —— N-(naphthalen-1-yl)picolinamide 75358-95-1 C16H12N2O
    N-(naphthalen-1-yl)picolinamide
    —— cis-diamminediiodidoplatinum(II) 13841-96-8 H4I2N2Pt
    cis-diamminediiodidoplatinum(II)
    —— potassium glycolate 1932-50-9 C2H3O3*K
    potassium glycolate
    —— (R)-N-formyl-proline 899900-53-9 C6H9NO3
    (R)-N-formyl-proline
    —— 1-chloroethyl (2-methoxyethyl) carbonate 91507-61-8 C6H11ClO4
    1-chloroethyl (2-methoxyethyl) carbonate
    —— 5-(4-iodophenyl)pentanoic acid 116680-98-9 C11H13IO2
    5-(4-iodophenyl)pentanoic acid
    —— 2-[(isopropylideneamino)oxy]-ethanol 83495-51-6 C5H11NO2
    2-[(isopropylideneamino)oxy]-ethanol
    —— sodium ricinoleate 5323-95-5 C18H33O3*Na
    sodium ricinoleate
    —— methyl 4-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2-methylbenzoate 864736-32-3 C19H14Cl2F3NO3
    methyl 4-(5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)-2-methylbenzoate
    —— 3-(methylthio)-4H-chromen-4-one 39068-33-2 C10H8O2S
    3-(methylthio)-4H-chromen-4-one