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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 7-hydroxymethylpterin 694514-39-1 C7H7N5O2
    7-hydroxymethylpterin
    —— (2S,5R)-1-t-butoxycarbonyl-(2,5)-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine 157968-72-4 C11H21NO4
    (2S,5R)-1-t-butoxycarbonyl-(2,5)-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine
    —— cyclopropylamine hydrochloride 18600-39-0 C3H7N*ClH
    cyclopropylamine hydrochloride
    —— N<sup>ε</sup>-monohexanoyl-L-lysine 30664-73-4 C12H24N2O3
    N<sup>ε</sup>-monohexanoyl-L-lysine
    —— 1-bicyclo<1.1.1>pentyl phenyl sulfide 98585-81-0 C11H12S
    1-bicyclo<1.1.1>pentyl phenyl sulfide
    —— 1-Phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol 876-93-7 C9H8N2O
    1-Phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol
    —— anti-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane 13440-24-9 C14H12Br2
    anti-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane
    —— trans-4-(N,N-diphenylamino)stilbene 406729-10-0 C26H21N
    trans-4-(N,N-diphenylamino)stilbene
    —— N,N-bis(phenyl)-4-biphenylamine 4432-94-4 C24H19N
    N,N-bis(phenyl)-4-biphenylamine
    —— 4,4′-bis(diphenylamino)benzophenone 2873-76-9 C37H28N2O
    4,4′-bis(diphenylamino)benzophenone
    —— 5-bromo-3-methyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one 1410973-83-9 C9H7BrN2O
    5-bromo-3-methyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one
    —— caprolactam sodium salt 2123-24-2 C6H10NO*Na
    caprolactam sodium salt
    —— 3-methylamino-4-methyl-(1H)-1, 2,4-triazolin-5-one 132534-74-8 C4H8N4O
    3-methylamino-4-methyl-(1H)-1, 2,4-triazolin-5-one
    —— 4-chloro-9H-xanthen-9-one 13210-16-7 C13H7ClO2
    4-chloro-9H-xanthen-9-one
    —— methyl 2-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)acetate 123222-09-3 C8H8ClNO2
    methyl 2-(2-chloropyridin-3-yl)acetate
    —— 5-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-1,3-benzenediol 481634-76-8 C14H23NO2
    5-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 4,4'-bipiperidine dihydrochloride 78619-84-8 C10H22N2*2Cl
    4,4'-bipiperidine dihydrochloride
    —— 1,3,5-tri(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene 444717-57-1 C30H12N6O3
    1,3,5-tri(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene
    —— Monochlorobimane 76421-73-3 C10H11ClN2O2
    Monochlorobimane
    —— diphenyl(3-phenylpropyl)phosphine oxide 23896-91-5 C21H21OP
    diphenyl(3-phenylpropyl)phosphine oxide
    —— (7R)-2-chloro-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one 1435462-66-0 C7H7ClN4O
    (7R)-2-chloro-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one
    —— N-tert.-Butoxycarbonyl-serinhydrazid 2766-42-9 C8H17N3O4
    N-tert.-Butoxycarbonyl-serinhydrazid
    —— L-ascorbic acid ; magnesium salt 15431-40-0 2C6H7O6*Mg
    L-ascorbic acid ; magnesium salt
    —— lithium salicylate 552-38-5 C7H5O3*Li
    lithium salicylate
    —— 4-FQA 2613-86-7 C17H20O9
    4-FQA
    —— zinc(II) butyrate 13282-37-6 2C4H7O2*Zn
    zinc(II) butyrate
    —— sodium 6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate 135-53-5 C10H7O5S*Na
    sodium 6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate
    —— 2-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy) acetic acid 113496-10-9 C10H10O5
    2-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy) acetic acid
    —— tetraethyl pentane-1,3,3,5-tetracarboxylate 6297-36-5 C17H28O8
    tetraethyl pentane-1,3,3,5-tetracarboxylate
    —— dimethyl-amidophosphoric acid diisopropyl ester 29952-64-5 C8H20NO2P
    dimethyl-amidophosphoric acid diisopropyl ester
    —— jujubogenin 54815-36-0 C30H48O4
    jujubogenin
    —— 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranose hydrochloride 34948-62-4 C14H21NO9*ClH
    1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranose hydrochloride
    —— (E,E)-1,3,5-triphenyl-2,4-diazapenta-1,4-diene 92-29-5 C21H18N2
    (E,E)-1,3,5-triphenyl-2,4-diazapenta-1,4-diene
    —— europium carbonate 5772-74-7 CO3*Eu
    europium carbonate
    —— bis(η<sup>5</sup>-ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium 32992-96-4 C14H18Ru
    bis(η<sup>5</sup>-ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium
    —— trans-4-[(2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino]cyclohexanol 107814-37-9 C13H18Br2N2O
    trans-4-[(2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino]cyclohexanol
    —— tert-butyl (S)-2-(4-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 1005342-77-7 C15H23N3O4S
    tert-butyl (S)-2-(4-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— cis-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid anhydride 5617-74-3 C5H4O3
    cis-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid anhydride
    —— sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate 3177-22-8 C6H7N2O3S*Na
    sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate
    —— N-Methylisoguvacine 68947-50-2 C7H11NO2
    N-Methylisoguvacine
    —— 4,4'-(pentane-1,5-diylbis(oxy))bis(5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoic acid) 145325-48-0 C21H22N2O12
    4,4'-(pentane-1,5-diylbis(oxy))bis(5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoic acid)
    —— 2-naphthylamino-6,8-disulfonic acid monopotassium salt 842-15-9 C10H8NO6S2*K
    2-naphthylamino-6,8-disulfonic acid monopotassium salt
    —— Tri(m-sulfophenyl)phosphine sodium salt 63995-70-0 C18H15NaO9PS3
    Tri(m-sulfophenyl)phosphine sodium salt
    —— 1-amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid monosodium salt 5460-09-3 C10H8NO7S2*Na
    1-amino-8-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid monosodium salt
    —— potassium 2,5-dihydroxybenzene sulfonate 21799-87-1 C6H5O5S*K
    potassium 2,5-dihydroxybenzene sulfonate
    —— sodium lactobionate 27297-39-8 C12H21O12*Na
    sodium lactobionate
    —— 1-cyclohexyl-ethyl isocyanate 42065-81-6 C9H15NO
    1-cyclohexyl-ethyl isocyanate
    —— 4,4,4-phosphoryltribenzoic acid 807-19-2 C21H15O7P
    4,4,4-phosphoryltribenzoic acid
    —— magnesium(L-tartrate) 20752-56-1 2C4H4O6*2Mg
    magnesium(L-tartrate)
    —— 4-isocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile 143782-18-7 C9H3F3N2O
    4-isocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile