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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)acetamide 100130-61-8 C8H7N3O
    N-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)acetamide
    —— 2-oxopropanethioamide 31787-50-5 C3H5NOS
    2-oxopropanethioamide
    —— 4-[4-[[1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazole-4-ylidene]methyl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-YL]benzoic acid 64137-48-0 C23H18N4O6
    4-[4-[[1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazole-4-ylidene]methyl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-YL]benzoic acid
    —— 1-bromo-4-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzene 79832-89-6 C17H25Br
    1-bromo-4-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzene
    —— bis(ethylene)rhodium acetylacetonate 12082-47-2 C9H15O2Rh
    bis(ethylene)rhodium acetylacetonate
    —— N-benzylpentan-1-aminium chloride 90389-36-9 C12H19N*ClH
    N-benzylpentan-1-aminium chloride
    —— ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-hexanoate 273201-92-6 C10H20O3
    ethyl 2,2-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-hexanoate
    —— (N<sup>6</sup>-Boc-N<sup>9</sup>-adeninyl)acetic acid 186046-99-1 C12H15N5O4
    (N<sup>6</sup>-Boc-N<sup>9</sup>-adeninyl)acetic acid
    —— benzyl (6-oxohexyl)carbamate 98648-05-6 C14H19NO3
    benzyl (6-oxohexyl)carbamate
    —— 2-chloro-4-methyl-6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine 425425-25-8 C9H12ClN3
    2-chloro-4-methyl-6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine
    —— 2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol 655238-34-9 C8H9BrO3
    2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol
    —— 2-(2-methyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-cyclopenta[c]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-9-yl)ethanamine 1037841-81-8 C13H17N3
    2-(2-methyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-cyclopenta[c]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-9-yl)ethanamine
    —— (1aR,4R,7bS)-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-1a,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulene 489-40-7 C15H24
    (1aR,4R,7bS)-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-1a,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[e]azulene
    —— 2-cyano-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid 88319-37-3 C8H11NO2
    2-cyano-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid
    —— Methanesulfonic acid, lead(2+) salt 17570-76-2 C2H6O6PbS2
    Methanesulfonic acid, lead(2+) salt
    —— (4-chloroquinolin-8-yl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonate 1022094-18-3 C16H12ClNO3S
    (4-chloroquinolin-8-yl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonate
    —— Ethane-1,2-diol;4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol;prop-2-enoic acid 120750-67-6 C18H22O6
    Ethane-1,2-diol;4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol;prop-2-enoic acid
    —— 1,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one 25288-75-9 C17H12N2O5
    1,5-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one
    —— Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:2), (2S)- 138-09-0 C4H6NaO5
    Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:2), (2S)-
    —— (+)-Longicyclene 1137-12-8 C15H24
    (+)-Longicyclene
    —— 1-tert-butyl 3-(pyridine-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate 206446-39-1 C13H18N2O2
    1-tert-butyl 3-(pyridine-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 553-91-3 C2H2LiO4
    —— (R)-2-(3-(Diisopropylamino)-1-phenylpropyl)-4-methylphenol hydrobromide 837376-36-0 C22H32BrNO
    (R)-2-(3-(Diisopropylamino)-1-phenylpropyl)-4-methylphenol hydrobromide
    —— TAPSO sodium salt 105140-25-8 C7H17NNaO7S
    TAPSO sodium salt
    —— (6S,7aS)-8,8-dimethylhexahydro-3H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazole 2,2-dioxide 108448-77-7 C10H17NO2S
    (6S,7aS)-8,8-dimethylhexahydro-3H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazole 2,2-dioxide
    —— 1-(4-(Chloromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole hydrochloride 143426-52-2 C10H10Cl2N2
    1-(4-(Chloromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole hydrochloride
    —— 4-((4-aminophenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonic acid 104-23-4 C12H11N3O3S
    4-((4-aminophenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonic acid
    —— kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucuronide 249938-52-1 C21H18O12
    kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucuronide
    —— 2-Methylcyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde 39547-01-8 C5H8O
    2-Methylcyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde
    —— 4'-pentyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4-carbaldehyde 56741-21-0 C18H20O
    4'-pentyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-(methylaminomethyl)quinoline 120739-69-7 C11H12N2
    3-(methylaminomethyl)quinoline
    —— (3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methanamine 115328-81-9 C4H7BrN2O
    (3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methanamine
    —— 1,11-diiodoundecane 24613-66-9 C11H22I2
    1,11-diiodoundecane
    —— 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methoxybutanoic acid 1343115-14-9 C5H7F3O3
    4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methoxybutanoic acid
    —— 4-bromocrotonic acid 20629-35-0 C4H5BrO2
    4-bromocrotonic acid
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 182427-46-9 C9H10O5
    2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (3R,7aR)-7a-benzyloxymethyl-3-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-1-one 956580-27-1 C15H16Cl3NO3
    (3R,7aR)-7a-benzyloxymethyl-3-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-1-one
    —— 7047-84-9 C18H39AlO4
    —— 1-methoxy-4-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene 852469-75-1 C7H7F5OS
    1-methoxy-4-(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene
    —— cis-3-methylcyclohexylamine 1193-16-4 C7H15N
    cis-3-methylcyclohexylamine
    —— (1S,3S)-1-amino-3-methylcyclohexane 64869-64-3 C7H15N
    (1S,3S)-1-amino-3-methylcyclohexane
    —— (1S,3R)-1-amino-3-methylcyclohexane 64869-63-2 C7H15N
    (1S,3R)-1-amino-3-methylcyclohexane
    —— aluminum methoxide 865-31-6 C3H9AlO3
    aluminum methoxide
    —— 2,6-dimethyl pyridine cation 108-48-5 C7H9N
    2,6-dimethyl pyridine cation
    —— Aluminum, (acetato-kappaO)dihydroxy- 7360-44-3 C2H7AlO4
    Aluminum, (acetato-kappaO)dihydroxy-
    —— 3-butyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione 3485-02-7 C7H13NS2
    3-butyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione
    —— 2,2-dihexylpropane-1,3-diol 54662-33-8 C15H32O2
    2,2-dihexylpropane-1,3-diol
    —— 2-methylenecyclohexanone 3045-98-5 C7H10O
    2-methylenecyclohexanone
    —— (+-)-camphoronic acid 2385-74-2 C9H14O6
    (+-)-camphoronic acid
    —— (E)-5-bis[[(E)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxohept-3-en-3-yl]oxy]bismuthanyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one 142617-53-6 C33H57BiO6
    (E)-5-bis[[(E)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-5-oxohept-3-en-3-yl]oxy]bismuthanyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one