有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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3-(2,4,6-三氯苯氧基)丙烷-1,2-二醇 | 3-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol | 5112-23-2 | C9H9Cl3O3 |
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3-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)-N,N-二(2,3-环氧丙基)苯胺 | 3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-N,N-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)aniline | 71604-74-5 | C15H19NO4 |
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3-(2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-基)丙酸乙酯 | ethyl 3-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propanoate | 196597-66-7 | C13H16O3 |
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3-(2,2,3,3-四氟丙氧基)-1,2-氧化丙烯 | 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyloxymethyloxirane | 19932-26-4 | C6H8F4O2 |
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3-(2,2,2-三甲基肼)-溴化丙酸甲酯 | 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionic acid methyl ester bromide | 106966-25-0 | Br*C7H17N2O2 |
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3-(1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)丙腈 | 1H-benzimidazole-1-propanenitrile | 4414-84-0 | C10H9N3 |
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3-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯酚 | 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-tetrazole | 96859-34-6 | C7H6N4O |
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3-(1H-四唑-1-基)苯甲酸 | 3-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid | 204196-80-5 | C8H6N4O2 |
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3-(1H-咪唑-4-基)吡啶 | 4(5)-(3-pyridyl)imidazole | 51746-85-1 | C8H7N3 |
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3-(1H-咪唑-2-基)苯甲酸 | 3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid | 391668-62-5 | C10H8N2O2 |
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3-(1H-吡唑-1-基)-1-丙醇 | 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)acetic acid | 917925-71-4 | C13H16BrNO4 |
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3-(1H-吡咯-1-基)苯甲酸 | 3-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid | 264264-33-7 | C10H8N2O2 |
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3-(1H-3-吡唑基)苯胺 | 5-(3-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazole | 89260-46-8 | C9H9N3 |
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3-(1H-1,2,4-噻唑-1-甲基)苯甲酸 | 3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzoic acid | 857284-23-2 | C10H9N3O2 |
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3-(1H-1,2,4-噻唑-1-基)丙酸 | 3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoic acid | 76686-84-5 | C5H7N3O2 |
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3-(1H,1H,7H-十二氟庚氧基)-1,2-环氧丙烯酸 | (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoroheptyloxymethyl)oxirane | 799-34-8 | C10H8F12O2 |
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3-(1H,1H,5H--八氟戊氧基)-1,2-氧化丙烯 | 2-(((2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)oxy)methyl)oxirane | 19932-27-5 | C8H8F8O2 |
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3-(10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a,d][7]轮烯-5-亚基)-N-甲基-1-丙铵4-甲基苯磺酸酯 | 4-Methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid--3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-ylidene)-N-methylpropan-1-amine (1/1) | 14675-77-5 | C26H29NO3S |
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3-(1-羟乙基)苯胺 | 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)aniline | 2454-37-7 | C8H11NO |
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3-(1-甲基乙氧基)苯酚 | 3-isopropoxyphenol | 68792-12-1 | C9H12O2 |
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3-(1-甲基-5-咪唑基)苯甲酸 | 3-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)benzoic acid | 1261269-06-0 | C11H10N2O2 |
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3-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)丙酸甲酯 | methyl 3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)propanoate | 224776-32-3 | C8H12N2O2 |
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3-(1-溴乙基)三氟甲苯 | 1-(1-bromoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene | 59770-96-6 | C9H8BrF3 |
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3-(1-氨基乙基)苯酚 | 3-(1-amino-ethyl)-phenol | 63720-38-7 | C8H11NO |
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3-(1-氨基乙基)苯甲腈盐酸盐 | 3-(1-Aminoethyl)benzonitrile hydrochloride | 1188264-05-2 | C9H11ClN2 |
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3-(1-氨基-2-甲基丙烷-2-基)-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | 3-(2-amino-1,1-dimethylethyl)-indole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 942148-12-1 | C17H24N2O2 |
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3-(1-哌嗪)-苯胺(9ci) | 3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzenamine | 125422-03-9 | C10H15N3 |
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3-(1-咪唑基)苯甲醛 | 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-benzaldehyde | 127404-22-2 | C10H8N2O |
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3-(1-咪唑基)苯甲酸 | 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-benzoic acid | 108035-47-8 | C10H8N2O2 |
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3-(1-吡咯烷基)苯甲醛 | 3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzaldehyde | 857283-89-7 | C11H13NO |
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3-(1-吡咯烷基)-4-氟苯甲醛 | 4-fluoro-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzaldehyde | 1197193-31-9 | C11H12FNO |
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3-(1-乙基丙基)苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯 | 3-(1-ethylpropyl)phenyl methylcarbamate | 672-04-8 | C13H19NO2 |
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3-(1-CHLOROH-PYRROLO[1,2-A]PYRAZIN-6-YL)CYCLOBUTANONE无结构图 | 3-(8-chloroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-3-yl)cyclobutanone | 936901-72-3 | C10H8ClN3O |
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3-(1-1,2,4-三氮唑)苯甲酸 | 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-benzoic acid | 167626-64-4 | C9H7N3O2 |
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3-(1,3-苯并二氧代-5-基)-3-氧代丙腈 | 3-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-3-oxo-propionitrile | 96220-14-3 | C10H7NO3 |
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3-(1,3-苯并二恶唑-5-基)-1-(顺式-3,5-二甲基-1-哌啶基)-3-(2-羟基-4,6-二甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮 | 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(cis-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one | 1334526-14-5 | C25H31NO6 |
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3-(1,3-二氧杂烷-2-基)-4-氟苯甲酸 | 3-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-4-fluorobenzoic acid | 852180-94-0 | C10H9FO4 |
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3-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-Β-[3-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟苯基]-4-羟基-Β-甲基苯甲酸-1,2-亚乙基酯 | ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate] | 32509-66-3 | C50H66O8 |
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3-(1,1,1-三丁基甲锡烷)嘧啶 | 3-(tributylstannyl)pyridine | 59020-10-9 | C17H31NSn |
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3-((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-二甲基丙酸 | 3-((tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl)oxy)-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid | 480450-04-2 | C21H28O3Si |
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3-((乙基氨基)甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 3-((ethylamino)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 887587-98-6 | C13H26N2O2 |
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3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)乙炔基)-喹啉 | 3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-quinoline | 86521-08-6 | C14H15NSi |
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3-((Nn-二甲基氨基)甲基)苯基 硼酸频那醇酯盐酸盐 | N,N-dimethyl-1-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride | 1036991-19-1 | C15H24BNO2*ClH |
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3-((2S,5S)-5-(3-((叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基)氧基)丙基)-3-亚甲基四氢呋喃-2-基)丙-1-醇 | 3-((2S,5S)-3-methylene-5-(3-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)propyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propanol | 481048-21-9 | C27H38O3Si |
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3- 氨基-5-氯-2-羧酸 | 3-amino-5-chloropicolinic acid | 53636-68-3 | C6H5ClN2O2 |
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3,9-苝二甲酸 | 3,9-perylene dicarboxylic acid | 6364-19-8 | C22H12O4 |
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3,9-双(3-氰基乙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷 | 3,8-Bis-<2-cyanaethyl>-2,4,7,9-tetraoxospiro<5,5>undecan | 3058-04-6 | C13H18N2O4 |
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3,9-双(3-氨丙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷 | 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]-undecane-3,9-dipropanamine | 21587-74-6 | C13H26N2O4 |
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3,9-二苯基-2,4,8,10-四噁唑氮杂[5.5]十一烷 | 3,9-diphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5,5]undecane | 2064-95-1 | C19H20O4 |
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3,9-二环己-3-烯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷 | Bis-<Δ<sup>3</sup>-tetrahydro-benzyliden>-pentaerythrit | 6600-31-3 | C19H28O4 |
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