有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(S)-4-叔-丁基-2-[(SP)-2-(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]-2-恶唑啉 | (S)-4-tert-Butyl-2-[(SP)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]-2-oxazoline | 163169-15-1 | C29H30FeNOP |
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(S)-4-boc-3-吗啉乙酸 | (3S)-4-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-carboxymethylmorpholine | 839710-38-2 | C11H19NO5 |
|
(S)-4-(4-氯苯基)吡咯烷-2-酮 | (S)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one | 123632-31-5 | C10H10ClNO |
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(S)-4-(3-氨基丁基)-苯酚 | S-1-methyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propylamine | 74248-90-1 | C10H15NO |
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(S)-4-(2-甲基硫代乙基)恶唑-2,5-二酮 | L-methionine-N-carboxyanhydride | 15776-11-1 | C6H9NO3S |
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(S)-4-(2-吡咯烷基甲基)吗啉 | (S)-4-[(2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]morpholine | 91790-91-9 | C9H18N2O |
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(S)-4-(1-氨基乙基)苯甲腈盐酸盐 | (S)-4-(1-aminoethyl)benzonitrile hydrochloride | 911372-80-0 | C9H10N2*ClH |
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(S)-4-(1-BOC氨乙基)苯甲酸甲酯 | (S)-methyl 4-(1-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)benzoate | 847728-90-9 | C15H21NO4 |
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(S)-3-苯基吗啉 | (S)-3-phenylmorpholine | 914299-79-9 | C10H13NO |
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(S)-3-苄基吗啉 | (S)-3-benzylmorpholine | 77897-23-5 | C11H15NO |
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(S)-3-羟基哌啶 盐酸盐 | (S)-3-hydroxypiperidine hydrochloride | 475058-41-4 | C5H11NO*ClH |
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(S)-3-羟基吡咯烷盐酸盐 | (S)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine hydrochloride | 122536-94-1 | C4H9NO*ClH |
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(S)-3-羟基-2-甲基-5-氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | 5(S)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one | 223678-66-8 | C10H15NO4 |
|
(S)-3-羟基-2-吡咯烷酮 | (S)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-2-one | 34368-52-0 | C4H7NO2 |
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(S)-3-羟基-1-苄基吡咯烷 | (S)-N-benzyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine | 101385-90-4 | C11H15NO |
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(S)-3-硫代吗啉甲酸 | L-tetrahydro-2H-1,4-thiazine-3-carboxylic acid | 73401-53-3 | C5H9NO2S |
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(S)-3-甲氧基吡咯烷盐酸盐 | (S)-3-methoxypyrrolidine hydrochloride | 685828-16-4 | C5H11NO*ClH |
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(S)-3-甲基庚酸 | (-)-(S)-3-methylheptanoic acid | 59614-85-6 | C8H16O2 |
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(S)-3-甲基哌啶 | (S)-3-methylpiperidine | 17305-22-5 | C6H13N |
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(S)-3-甲基吗啉盐酸盐 | (S)-3-methylmorpholine hydrochloride | 1022094-03-6 | C5H11NO*ClH |
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(S)-3-甲基吗啉 | (S)-3-methylmorpholine | 350595-57-2 | C5H11NO |
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(S)-3-甲基-2-苯基丁胺 | (S)-3-methyl-2-phenylbutylamine | 106498-32-2 | C11H17N |
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(S)-3-甲基-2-((苯氧基羰基)氨基)丁酸 | N-phenoxycarbonyl-L-valine | 126147-70-4 | C12H15NO4 |
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(S)-3-溴吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3S)-3-bromopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 569660-89-5 | C9H16BrNO2 |
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(S)-3-溴-吡咯烷 | (S)-3-Bromopyrrolidine | 99520-93-1 | C4H8BrN |
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(S)-3-溴-alpha-甲基苄醇 | (S)-1-(3-bromophenyl)ethan-1-ol | 134615-22-8 | C8H9BrO |
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(S)-3-氨基戊酸 | (3S)-3-aminopentanoic acid | 14389-77-6 | C5H11NO2 |
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(S)-3-氨基四氢呋喃盐酸盐 | (3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-amine hydrochloride | 204512-95-8 | C4H9NO*ClH |
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(S)-3-氨基四氢呋喃对甲苯磺酸盐 | (S)-3-aminotetrahydrofuran tosylate | 104530-80-5 | C4H9NO*C7H8O3S |
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(S)-3-氨基四氢呋喃 | (S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-amine | 104530-79-2 | C4H9NO |
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(S)-3-氨基哌啶-2-酮盐酸盐 | (S)-(-)-3-aminopiperidin-2-one | 34294-79-6 | C5H10N2O |
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(S)-3-氨基哌啶 | (S)-piperidin-3-amine | 80918-66-7 | C5H12N2 |
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(S)-3-氨基吡咯烷 | (3S)-3-aminopyrrolidine | 128345-57-3 | C4H10N2 |
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(S)-3-氨基丁酸 | L-3-aminobutyric acid | 3775-72-2 | C4H9NO2 |
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(S)-3-氨基-Y-丁内酯盐酸盐 | (S)-β-amino-γ-butyrolactone hydrochloride | 117752-82-6 | C4H7NO2*ClH |
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(S)-3-氨基-N-(2-(二甲基氨基)-1-苯基乙基)-6,6-二甲基-4,6-二氢吡咯并[3 | 3-amino-N-[(1S)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylethyl]-6,6-dimethyl-4,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-5(1H)-carboxamide | 898044-54-7 | C18H26N6O |
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(S)-3-氨基-4-(萘-2-基)丁酸盐酸盐 | (S)-3-amino-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)butanoic acid hydrochloride | 331847-01-9 | C14H15NO2*ClH |
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(S)-3-氨基-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)-丙酸甲酯盐酸盐 | methyl (+)-(3S)-3-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate hydrochloride | 444119-40-8 | C11H15NO3*ClH |
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(S)-3-氨基-2-氧杂环酮对甲苯磺酸 | (S)-3-amino-2-oxetanone p-toluenesulfonic acid salt | 112839-95-9 | C3H5NO2*C7H8O3S |
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(S)-3-异丙基吗啉 | (S)-3-isopropylmorpholine | 77897-21-3 | C7H15NO |
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(S)-3-哌啶甲酸 | (S)-nipecotic acid | 59045-82-8 | C6H11NO2 |
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(S)-3-吡咯烷醇 | 3-hydroxypyrrolidine | 100243-39-8 | C4H9NO |
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(S)-3-乙基吗啉 | (S)-3-ethylmorpholine | 748117-01-3 | C6H13NO |
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(S)-3-N-Boc-氨甲基吡咯烷 | tert-butyl N-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl]carbamate | 173340-26-6 | C10H20N2O2 |
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(S)-3-N-BOC-N-甲基氨基吡咯烷 | tert-butyl N-methyl-N-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamate | 169750-01-0 | C10H20N2O2 |
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(S)-3-(甲氧基(甲基)氨基甲酰)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | (S)-tert-butyl 3-[(methoxymethyl)carbamoyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1008562-93-3 | C13H24N2O4 |
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(S)-3-(溴甲基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3S)-3-(bromomethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 158406-99-6 | C11H20BrNO2 |
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(S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-2-甲基丙酸 | (S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-methylpropanoic acid | 190897-47-3 | C9H17NO4 |
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(S)-3-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-异丁基-2,5-噁唑啉二酮 | Boc-Leu-NCA | 125814-33-7 | C12H19NO5 |
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(S)-3-(4-羟基苯基)-2-羟基丙酸 | (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid | 23508-35-2 | C9H10O4 |
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