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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— potassium lactate 85895-78-9 C3H5O3*K
    potassium lactate
    —— 4-[N-ethyl,N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]nitrobenzene 58287-31-3 C10H14N2O3
    4-[N-ethyl,N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]nitrobenzene
    —— 4,4'-Bis(4-amino-1-naphthylazo)-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid 5463-64-9 C34H26N6O6S2
    4,4'-Bis(4-amino-1-naphthylazo)-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid
    —— 4-Oxazolidinone, 3-ethyl-5-((3-methyl-2-thiazolidinylidene)ethylidene)-2-thioxo- 35795-44-9 C11H14N2O2S2
    4-Oxazolidinone, 3-ethyl-5-((3-methyl-2-thiazolidinylidene)ethylidene)-2-thioxo-
    —— oxobis(N-methylphthalimide) 27507-54-6 C18H12N2O5
    oxobis(N-methylphthalimide)
    —— Einecs 212-705-2 850-92-0 C20H24O3
    Einecs 212-705-2
    —— 2-Hydroxypropyl ricinoleate 26402-31-3 C21H40O4
    2-Hydroxypropyl ricinoleate
    —— N-(S)-(-)-α-Methylbenzylmaleimide 6129-15-3 C12H11NO2
    N-(S)-(-)-α-Methylbenzylmaleimide
    —— cobalt(II)acetylacetonate 14024-48-7 C10H16CoO4
    cobalt(II)acetylacetonate
    —— rac/meso-6,6'-bis(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2'-bipyridine 127049-50-7 C20H28N2O2
    rac/meso-6,6'-bis(1-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2,2'-bipyridine
    —— 1,10-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)decane 16543-35-4 C34H40O2P2
    1,10-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)decane
    —— 5-fluoronaphthalen-1-amine 13720-49-5 C10H8FN
    5-fluoronaphthalen-1-amine
    —— (6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylamine 933742-62-2 C9H10N2OS
    (6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)methylamine
    —— 4-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-nitrophenol 32599-84-1 C16H19NO3
    4-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— (E)-3-(1H-Pyrrol-3-yl)-2-propensaeure-methylester 97055-89-5 C8H9NO2
    (E)-3-(1H-Pyrrol-3-yl)-2-propensaeure-methylester
    —— methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopyryrrolidine-1-carboxylate 77130-93-9 C8H13NO3
    methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopyryrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-[2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-carboxyethoxy)-2-(2-carboxyethoxymethyl)-propoxy]propanoic acid 1162069-31-9 C45H77N7O14
    3-[2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-carboxyethoxy)-2-(2-carboxyethoxymethyl)-propoxy]propanoic acid
    —— 3-<5-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2-furyl>propenoic acid 62806-39-7 C13H9NO5
    3-<5-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2-furyl>propenoic acid
    —— diethylphenylphosphine sulfide 14684-35-6 C10H15PS
    diethylphenylphosphine sulfide
    —— N,N'-Dibutylglycinamid 97474-13-0 C10H22N2O
    N,N'-Dibutylglycinamid
    —— 2-Methyl-3-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one 11050-62-7 C11H16O
    2-Methyl-3-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
    —— (Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl phenylacetate 10522-32-4 C18H24O2
    (Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl phenylacetate
    —— Chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) dimer 12112-67-3 C16H24Cl2Ir2-2
    Chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) dimer
    —— cyclobutylphenylacetic acid 123078-51-3 C12H14O2
    cyclobutylphenylacetic acid
    —— (+/-)-5β,8α,9β-Ambrox 3738-00-9 C16H28O
    (+/-)-5β,8α,9β-Ambrox
    —— (±)-ambrox 3738-00-9 C16H28O
    (±)-ambrox
    —— 10Z,12E-Hexadecadienal 63024-98-6 C16H28O
    10Z,12E-Hexadecadienal
    —— longicyclene 1137-12-8 C15H24
    longicyclene
    —— Tris(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyloctane-4,6-dionato)ytterbium 18323-96-1 C30H30F21O6Yb
    Tris(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyloctane-4,6-dionato)ytterbium
    —— sodium (20R)-5α-cholestan-3β-yl sulfate 107584-99-6 C27H47O4S*Na
    sodium (20R)-5α-cholestan-3β-yl sulfate
    —— isopropyl-propyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 62391-98-4 C13H24O4
    isopropyl-propyl-malonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine 1210048-18-2 C12H16BN3O2
    7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine
    —— (1S,5R)-1-carboxy-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 143169-57-7 C6H6O4
    (1S,5R)-1-carboxy-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
    —— 2-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-thiophenol 57218-18-5 C7H9NS2
    2-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-thiophenol
    —— Titanium tributanolate 5058-41-3 C12H27O3Ti
    Titanium tributanolate
    —— Einecs 264-884-1 64417-72-7 C21H26LiN7O14P2
    Einecs 264-884-1
    —— 2-hex-3<i>t</i>-enyl-5-methyl-furan 60858-07-3 C11H16O
    2-hex-3<i>t</i>-enyl-5-methyl-furan
    —— (2S)-2-phenylpyrrolidin-1-ium 1006-64-0 C10H14N+
    (2S)-2-phenylpyrrolidin-1-ium
    —— silver cyclohexanebutyrrate 62638-04-4 Ag*C10H17O2
    silver cyclohexanebutyrrate
    —— vogeloside 60077-47-6 C17H24O10
    vogeloside
    —— barium(2+); [(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxo-6-phosphonatooxyhexyl] phosphate 6035-52-5 C6H10Ba2O12P2
    barium(2+); [(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxo-6-phosphonatooxyhexyl] phosphate
    —— 4-(Methylamino)-3-nitrobenzoate 41263-74-5 C8H7N2O4-
    4-(Methylamino)-3-nitrobenzoate
    —— 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine 1196157-27-3 C7H5Cl2N3
    2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine
    —— cyclohexane-1,2,3-trione 1,3-dioxime 10528-54-8 C6H8N2O3
    cyclohexane-1,2,3-trione 1,3-dioxime
    —— 4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one sodium salt 5418-32-6 C12H9NNaO2+
    4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one sodium salt
    —— 2-bromo-4-chloro-1-(difluoromethyl)benzene 1261476-50-9 C7H4BrClF2
    2-bromo-4-chloro-1-(difluoromethyl)benzene
    —— ((Aminocarbonyl)hydrazono)acetic acid 928-73-4 C3H5N3O3
    ((Aminocarbonyl)hydrazono)acetic acid
    —— Carnitine fuma-rate 90471-79-7 C11H19NO7
    Carnitine fuma-rate
    —— Cobalt(II) disodium 2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanetriyl))tetraacetate 15137-09-4 C10H12CoN2Na2O8
    Cobalt(II) disodium 2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanetriyl))tetraacetate
    —— Lead acetate, basic 1335-32-6 C4H10O8Pb3
    Lead acetate, basic