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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R,S)-N-acetylserine-N-benzylamide 171623-02-2 C12H16N2O3
    (R,S)-N-acetylserine-N-benzylamide
    —— 3-O-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone 1449-61-2 C21H28O4
    3-O-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone
    —— zinc acetylacetonate hydrate 108503-47-5 C10H14O4Zn*H2O
    zinc acetylacetonate hydrate
    —— rochelle salt 6381-59-5 C4H4O6*4H2O*K*Na
    rochelle salt
    —— (1R,4R,6S)-1-methyl-4-(S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 96-08-2 C10H16O2
    (1R,4R,6S)-1-methyl-4-(S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
    —— furanodiene 19912-61-9 C15H20O
    furanodiene
    —— (1S,4R,6R)-1-methyl-4-((R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 96-08-2 C10H16O2
    (1S,4R,6R)-1-methyl-4-((R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
    —— (1R,4R,6S)-1-methyl-4-((R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 96-08-2 C10H16O2
    (1R,4R,6S)-1-methyl-4-((R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
    —— (1S,4R,6R)-1-methyl-4-((S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 96-08-2 C10H16O2
    (1S,4R,6R)-1-methyl-4-((S)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
    —— (1α,2α,3α)-podophyllotoxin 55515-07-6 C22H20O8
    (1α,2α,3α)-podophyllotoxin
    —— R-(+)-limonene diepoxide 96-08-2 C10H16O2
    R-(+)-limonene diepoxide
    —— monosodium fumarate 5873-57-4 C4H3O4*Na
    monosodium fumarate
    —— RS-aspartic acid diethyl ester hydrochloride 24608-57-9 C8H15NO4*ClH
    RS-aspartic acid diethyl ester hydrochloride
    —— N,N-dimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride 3575-32-4 C8H12N2*2ClH
    N,N-dimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
    —— trilaciclib 1374743-00-6 C24H30N8O
    trilaciclib
    —— 141-96-8 C5H10KOS2
    —— (2Z,13E)-Octadeca-2,13-dienal 99577-57-8 C18H32O
    (2Z,13E)-Octadeca-2,13-dienal
    —— (2S)-dibenzyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate 13500-53-3 C20H21NO5
    (2S)-dibenzyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate
    —— (1S,4S)-2-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dihydrobromide 125224-62-6 2BrH*C6H12N2
    (1S,4S)-2-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dihydrobromide
    —— tert-butyl 4-amino-2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylaminobutyrate 190447-69-9 C13H26N2O4
    tert-butyl 4-amino-2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylaminobutyrate
    —— (3R,5S)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol 260417-94-5 C11H25NO2Si
    (3R,5S)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol
    —— (R)-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 4427-96-7 C5H6O3
    (R)-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
    —— DOTA-PNP 474424-15-2 C22H31N5O10
    DOTA-PNP
    —— tetramethoxytitanium 992-92-7 C4H12O4Ti
    tetramethoxytitanium
    —— 2-(allylthio)pyridine 65063-38-9 C8H9NS
    2-(allylthio)pyridine
    —— potassium oxonate 2207-75-2 C4H2N3O4*K
    potassium oxonate
    —— ((1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)dimethanol 25712-33-8 C8H16O2
    ((1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)dimethanol
    —— 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine diammonium chloride 612-82-8 C14H18N2*2Cl
    3,3'-dimethylbenzidine diammonium chloride
    —— dl-hexestrol 84-16-2 C18H22O2
    dl-hexestrol
    —— 1,4,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolium-3-thiolate 17370-06-8 C5H9N3S
    1,4,5-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolium-3-thiolate
    —— 4-amino-5-bromo-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-7-carbaldehyde 1443531-66-5 C9H9BrN4O2
    4-amino-5-bromo-6-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-7-carbaldehyde
    —— 1655-43-2 C10H8NaO6S2
    —— 41295-98-1 C6H5Cl2NNaO3S
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(3-chloro-4-cyano-2-methylphenylamino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid 1182366-63-7 C12H13ClN2O3
    (2R,3S)-2-(3-chloro-4-cyano-2-methylphenylamino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    —— ferrocene carboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester 115223-09-1 C15H13FeNO4
    ferrocene carboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
    —— 6-hydroxyuracil 67-52-7 C4H4N2O3
    6-hydroxyuracil
    —— (R<sub>S</sub>R<sub>C</sub>)-methionine sulfoxide 50896-97-4 C5H11NO3S
    (R<sub>S</sub>R<sub>C</sub>)-methionine sulfoxide
    —— 2-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-3-ium chloride 364774-78-7 C9H10ClN2*Cl
    2-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-3-ium chloride
    —— 5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-benzyl alcohol 2357-33-7 C7H7FO2
    5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-benzyl alcohol
    —— sodium 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonate 6258-06-6 C14H7BrNO5S*Na
    sodium 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonate
    —— 2-amino-N-(2-(2,6-dioxo(3-piperidyl))-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)acetamide 444289-11-6 C15H14N4O5
    2-amino-N-(2-(2,6-dioxo(3-piperidyl))-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-4-yl)acetamide
    —— (3Z,5E)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyhexa-3,5-dien-2-one 173933-40-9 C12H12O4
    (3Z,5E)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyhexa-3,5-dien-2-one
    —— (3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-3,6-bis(prop-2-enoxy)-2,3,3a,5,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan 6338-34-7 C12H18O4
    (3S,3aR,6S,6aR)-3,6-bis(prop-2-enoxy)-2,3,3a,5,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan
    —— (3S,3aS,6S,6aS)-3,6-bis(prop-2-enoxy)-2,3,3a,5,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan 6338-34-7 C12H18O4
    (3S,3aS,6S,6aS)-3,6-bis(prop-2-enoxy)-2,3,3a,5,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan
    —— 4-phenyldiazenylaniline,hydrochloride 3457-98-5 C12H11N3*ClH
    4-phenyldiazenylaniline,hydrochloride
    —— calcium dibutyrate 5743-36-2 2C4H7O2*Ca
    calcium dibutyrate
    —— [(6-acetylamino-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methylene]-malonic acid diethyl ester 36707-43-4 C15H20N4O5S
    [(6-acetylamino-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methylene]-malonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 2-methyl-4-(3,4-diacetoxybenzylidene)oxazolone 87950-39-8 C15H13NO6
    2-methyl-4-(3,4-diacetoxybenzylidene)oxazolone
    —— samarium oxalate decahydrate 7100-78-9 3C2O4*10H2O*2Sm
    samarium oxalate decahydrate
    —— carboxymethyl methacrylate 6852-90-0 C6H8O4
    carboxymethyl methacrylate