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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— indophenol sodium salt 5418-32-6 C12H8NO2*Na
    indophenol sodium salt
    —— [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolidin-2-ylidene]-dichloro-(3-phenylinden-1-ylidene)ruthenium,tricyclohexylphosphane 536724-67-1 C54H69Cl2N2PRu
    [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolidin-2-ylidene]-dichloro-(3-phenylinden-1-ylidene)ruthenium,tricyclohexylphosphane
    —— [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro-(3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium(II) 536724-67-1 C54H69Cl2N2PRu
    [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]dichloro-(3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium(II)
    —— N-(8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isobutyramide 1160844-31-4 C18H26N2O
    N-(8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isobutyramide
    —— 3-cyclohexylacrylic acid 4484-35-9 C9H14O2
    3-cyclohexylacrylic acid
    —— forodesine hydrochloride 284490-13-7 C11H14N4O4*ClH
    forodesine hydrochloride
    —— 9-(3-bromophenyl)-9’-phenyl-3 ,3’-bis-9H-carbazole 1398394-59-6 C36H23BrN2
    9-(3-bromophenyl)-9’-phenyl-3 ,3’-bis-9H-carbazole
    —— 4-butylethylene sulfite 157135-71-2 C6H12O3S
    4-butylethylene sulfite
    —— α-hexachlorocyclohexane 319-84-6 C6H6Cl6
    α-hexachlorocyclohexane
    —— DL-ornithine ; acetate 60259-81-6 C2H4O2*C5H12N2O2
    DL-ornithine ; acetate
    —— 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenyl boronic acid 245434-15-5 C15H25BO3
    3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenyl boronic acid
    —— diethyl 2-hydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate 897-41-6 C16H16O5
    diethyl 2-hydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— Pseudo-apoatropin 500-55-0 C17H21NO2
    Pseudo-apoatropin
    —— ruscogenin 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-4-O-sulfo-β-D-fucopyranoside 94898-61-0 C39H62O15S
    ruscogenin 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-4-O-sulfo-β-D-fucopyranoside
    —— cis-4-Methylcyclohexylamine 2523-56-0 C7H15N
    cis-4-Methylcyclohexylamine
    —— 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-pyridinium; chloride-hydrochloride 24361-62-4 C11H13N4*ClH*Cl
    1-(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-pyridinium; chloride-hydrochloride
    —— ferbam 14484-64-1 C9H18FeN3S6
    ferbam
    —— N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bromide 749879-33-2 Br*C8H20NO
    N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bromide
    —— (E)-azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid 71987-42-3 C14H10N2O4
    (E)-azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid
    —— sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate dihydrate 128-04-1 C3H6NNaS2*2H2O
    sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate dihydrate
    —— 3-methylazetidin-3-ol trifluoroacetic acid salt 1104083-24-0 C2HF3O2*C4H9NO
    3-methylazetidin-3-ol trifluoroacetic acid salt
    —— (S)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione 42163-67-7 C4H7NS2
    (S)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione
    —— 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-((4-nitrophenyl)azo)-6-((2-phenoxyphenyl)azo)-, disodium salt 5850-38-4 C28H18N6Na2O10S2
    2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-((4-nitrophenyl)azo)-6-((2-phenoxyphenyl)azo)-, disodium salt
    —— 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-((2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)azo)-6-(phenylazo)-, disodium salt 5850-41-9 C23H16N6Na2O9S2
    2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-((2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)azo)-6-(phenylazo)-, disodium salt
    —— pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride 59378-87-9 C5H9NO2*ClH
    pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
    —— 1-aminohexan-2-one 790144-92-2 C6H13NO
    1-aminohexan-2-one
    —— 3-aminohexahydro-2(1H)-azocinone 40033-49-6 C7H14N2O
    3-aminohexahydro-2(1H)-azocinone
    —— 3-Ethyl-2-((3-((3-ethylbenzothiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)benzothiazolium iodide 20517-94-6 C28H33IN2S2
    3-Ethyl-2-((3-((3-ethylbenzothiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)methyl)benzothiazolium iodide
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[2-({2-[(trifluoroacetyl)amino]ethyl}amino)ethyl]acetamide 88793-42-4 C8H11F6N3O2
    2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[2-({2-[(trifluoroacetyl)amino]ethyl}amino)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene 1012075-54-5 C18H22N4
    1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene
    —— 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, sodium salt (1:) 10028-70-3 C8H6NaO4
    1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, sodium salt (1:)
    —— 1-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-fluoroethanone 1600511-51-0 C8H5BrF2O
    1-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-fluoroethanone
    —— cyclosativene 22469-52-9 C15H24
    cyclosativene
    —— 1-bromo-4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene 86579-53-5 C15H21Br
    1-bromo-4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)benzene
    —— zinc(II) trifluoroacetate 21907-47-1 2C2F3O2*Zn
    zinc(II) trifluoroacetate
    —— 1-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-1H-imidazole 18999-43-4 C9H16N2O2
    1-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-1H-imidazole
    —— 15467-20-6 C6H9NNaO6
    —— bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one 1755-04-0 C6H8O
    bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one
    —— (4R)-4-(4-cyano-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide 1050477-30-9 C21H22N4O3
    (4R)-4-(4-cyano-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— 1-(3-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl)imidazole 102791-92-4 C10H9N3O2
    1-(3-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl)imidazole
    —— 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole 1088567-34-3 C11H6F6N2
    1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-imidazole
    —— 6-acetoxyhexanol 68750-24-3 C8H16O3
    6-acetoxyhexanol
    —— 1-methoxy-butan-2-one 50741-70-3 C5H10O2
    1-methoxy-butan-2-one
    —— dichloropropylphosphine 15573-31-6 C3H7Cl2P
    dichloropropylphosphine
    —— (Z)-2-benzylidene-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one 24123-89-5 C14H15NO
    (Z)-2-benzylidene-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one
    —— N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium hydroxide 68498-44-2 C6H14N*HO
    N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium hydroxide
    —— (1S)-10-camphorsulfonamide 60933-63-3 C10H17NO3S
    (1S)-10-camphorsulfonamide
    —— 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl hydrazine hydrochloride 54812-56-5 C7H9ClN2*ClH
    3-chloro-4-methylphenyl hydrazine hydrochloride
    —— ethylaluminum sesquichloride 12075-68-2 C2H5AlCl2*C4H10AlCl
    ethylaluminum sesquichloride
    —— 10-(1-methyl-1-oxidopiperidin-1-ium-4-ylidene)-5H-benzo[1,2]cyclohepta[3,4-b]thiophen-4-one 88456-70-6 C19H19NO2S
    10-(1-methyl-1-oxidopiperidin-1-ium-4-ylidene)-5H-benzo[1,2]cyclohepta[3,4-b]thiophen-4-one