有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1H-吡唑-4-腈 | 1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile | 31108-57-3 | C4H3N3 |
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1H-吡唑-4-甲醛盐酸盐 | 4-pyrazole carboxaldehyde hydrochloride | 1197230-88-8 | C4H4N2O*ClH |
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1H-吡唑-4-甲醛 | 1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde | 35344-95-7 | C4H4N2O |
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1H-吡唑-3-乙酸 | 2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetic acid | 102732-63-8 | C5H6N2O2 |
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1H-吡唑-1-甲脒盐酸盐 | 1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamide hydrochloride | 4023-02-3 | C4H6N4*ClH |
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1H-吡唑,4-异氰酸基-1-甲基- | 4-isocyanato-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole | 1174064-57-3 | C5H5N3O |
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1H-吡咯并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2,4(3H,5H)-二酮 | 9-deazaxanthine | 65996-50-1 | C6H5N3O2 |
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1H-吡咯-2-甲酰胺 | pyrrole-2-carboxamide | 4551-72-8 | C5H6N2O |
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1H-吡咯-2,5-二羧酸 | 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid | 937-27-9 | C6H5NO4 |
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1H-十三氟己烷 | 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane | 355-37-3 | C6HF13 |
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1H-全氟辛烷 | 1H-perfluorooctane | 335-65-9 | C8HF17 |
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1H-[1]-苯并氮杂卓-2,5(3H,4H)-二酮 | 1H-[1]benzazepin-2,5(3H,4H)-dione | 16511-38-9 | C10H9NO2 |
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1H-[1,2,4]恶草灵并[4,3-a]喹喔啉-1-酮 | ODQ | 41443-28-1 | C9H5N3O2 |
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1H-[1,2,3]三氮唑-5-羧酸 | 1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid | 16681-70-2 | C3H3N3O2 |
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1H-2-甲基-3-氨乙基吲哚 | 2-methyltryptamine | 2731-06-8 | C11H14N2 |
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1H-1,2,4-噻唑-3,5-二胺,n-丙基-(9ci) | N3-Propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine | 87253-78-9 | C5H11N5 |
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1H-1,2,4-噻唑-1-丙胺 | 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-propanamine | 69807-82-5 | C5H10N4 |
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1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙酸 | 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetic acid | 28711-29-7 | C4H5N3O2 |
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1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-乙腈 | 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetonitrile | 81606-79-3 | C4H4N4 |
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1H-1,2,3-噻唑-1-乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetate | 4314-21-0 | C6H9N3O2 |
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1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-乙胺 | 2-([1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)ethylamine | 4320-94-9 | C4H8N4 |
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1H,2H-八氟环戊烷 | 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5-octafluorocyclopentane | 828-35-3 | C5H2F8 |
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1H,1H-全氟辛基胺 | 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluoro-octylamine | 307-29-9 | C8H4F15N |
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1H,1H-2,5-双(三氟甲基)-3,6-二氧代全氟壬醇 | 2,4,4,5,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-undecafluoro-2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dioxanonan-1-ol | 14548-74-4 | C9H3F17O3 |
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1H,1H,7H-十二氟庚基丙烯酸酯 | 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate | 2993-85-3 | C10H6F12O2 |
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1H,1H,5H-八氟戊基-1,1,2,2-四氟乙基醚 | <1.1.2.2-Tetrafluor-aethyl>-<2.2.3.3.4.4.5.5-octafluor-pentyl>-aether | 16627-71-7 | C7H4F12O |
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1H,1H,5H-八氟-碘代戊烷 | 1-iodo-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentane | 678-74-0 | C5H3F8I |
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1H,1H,2H-全氟-1-癸烷 | 9H,9H,10H,10H,10H perfluoro-n-decane | 77117-48-7 | C10H5F17 |
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1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛醇丙烯酸酯 | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl acrylate | 17527-29-6 | C11H7F13O2 |
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1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基丙烯酸酯 | 1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate | 27905-45-9 | C13H7F17O2 |
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1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟己-1-醇 | 1H,1H,2H,2H-nonafluoro-1-hexanol | 2043-47-2 | C6H5F9O |
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1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟十二烷硫醇 | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,12-Heneicosafluorododecanethiol | 34451-28-0 | C12H5F21S |
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1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟-1-癸醇 | 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluoro-1-decanol | 678-39-7 | C10H5F17O |
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1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟-1-十二醇 | 2-(perfluorodecyl)ethanol | 865-86-1 | C12H5F21O |
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1H,1H,11H,11H-全氟-3,6,9-三噁十一烷-1,11-二醇 | 1H,1H,11H,11H-perfluoro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-diol | 330562-44-2 | C8H6F12O5 |
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1H - 1,2,3 -三唑- 1 -乙酸 | 2-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetic acid | 4314-22-1 | C4H5N3O2 |
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19-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮 | 19-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione | 510-64-5 | C19H26O3 |
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19-溴十九烷酸 | 19-bromo-nonadecanoic acid | 78774-38-6 | C19H37BrO2 |
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19-去甲睾酮乙酸酯 | 19-nortestosterone acetate | 1425-10-1 | C20H28O3 |
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19-去甲睾酮 17-半琥珀酸酯 | 19-Nortestosterone 17-hemisuccinate | 6785-62-2 | C22H30O5 |
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19-去甲基-5(10)-雄烯二酮 | estra-5(10)-en-3,17-dione | 3962-66-1 | C18H24O2 |
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19-去甲-3,20-二酮-孕甾-4-烯-17-醋酸酯 | 17α-acetoxy-19-norpregna-4-ene-3,20-dione | 31981-44-9 | C22H30O4 |
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18-羟基皮质酮 | 11β,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-ol | 561-65-9 | C21H30O5 |
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18-甲基雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-3&beta | D-13β-ethyl-17β-hydroxy-3-methoxy-gona-2,5(10)-diene | 1038-28-4 | C20H30O2 |
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18-甲基-4-雌烯-3,17-二酮 | 18-methyl-4-estren-3,17-dione | 21800-83-9 | C19H26O2 |
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18-溴十八烷酸 | 18-bromooctadecanoic acid | 2536-38-1 | C18H35BrO2 |
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18-[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]-18-氧代十八烷酸 | octadecanedioic acid mono-tert-butyl ester | 843666-40-0 | C22H42O4 |
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17Α-乙酰氧基-11Β-[4-(N-甲基氨基)-苯基]-19-去甲孕甾-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮 | (8S,11R,13S,14S,17R)-17-acetyl-13-methyl-11-(4-(methylamino)phenyl)-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl acetate | 159681-66-0 | C29H35NO4 |
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17beta-羟基-5alpha-雄甾烷-3-酮丙酸酯 | 3-oxo-5α-androstan-17β-ol propionate | 855-22-1 | C22H34O3 |
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17Alpha-羟基孕烯醇酮-17-乙酸酯 | pregn-5-ene-3β,17α-diol-20-one 17-acetate | 2381-45-5 | C23H34O4 |
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