有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-2-甲基-2-丙醇 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-ol | 5468-97-3 | C10H13ClO |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-2-甲基-2-(4-吗啉)-1-丙酮 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-morpholinopropan-1-one | 88324-57-6 | C14H18ClNO2 |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-2-环丙基-1-丙酮 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-1-propanone | 123989-29-7 | C12H13ClO |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡咯烷酮 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one | 7661-33-8 | C10H10ClNO |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-2,5-二甲基吡咯 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole | 5044-23-5 | C12H12ClN |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮 | N-(4-chlorophenyl)maleimide | 1631-29-4 | C10H6ClNO2 |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1-苯基乙醇 | 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-ethanol | 59767-24-7 | C14H13ClO |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1-甲基乙基胺 | 2-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-amine | 17797-11-4 | C9H12ClN |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1-环戊烷甲酸 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid | 80789-69-1 | C12H13ClO2 |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1-环丙甲腈 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropane-1-carbonitrile | 64399-27-5 | C10H8ClN |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1-环丙烷羧酸 | 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | 72934-37-3 | C10H9ClO2 |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1-环丁羧酸 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid | 50921-39-6 | C11H11ClO2 |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1-氰基环丁烷 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutanecarbonitrile | 28049-61-8 | C11H10ClN |
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1-(4-氯苯基)-1,2-丙二酮 | 1-(4-chlorophenyl)propane-1,2-dione | 10557-21-8 | C9H7ClO2 |
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1-(4-氯汞苯基偶氮)-2-萘酚 | 1-(4-Chloromercuriphenylazo)-2-naphthol | 3076-91-3 | C16H11ClHgN2O |
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1-(4-氯吡啶-2-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酮 | 1-(4-Chloropyridin-2-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone | 1356086-78-6 | C7H3ClF3NO |
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1-(4-氯-2-硝基苯)乙酮 | 4'-chloro-2'-nitroacetophenone | 23082-51-1 | C8H6ClNO3 |
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1-(4-氨苯基)乙醇 | 1-(4-aminophenyl)ethanol | 14572-89-5 | C8H11NO |
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1-(4-氨基苯基)甲烷磺酰胺 | (4-aminophenyl)methanesulfonamide | 4403-84-3 | C7H10N2O2S |
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1-(4-氨基苯基)环戊甲腈 | 1-(4-aminophenyl)cyclopentane-1-carbonitrile | 115279-73-7 | C12H14N2 |
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1-(4-氨基苯基)-4-羟基哌啶 | 1-(4-aminophenyl)piperidin-4-ol | 142752-12-3 | C11H16N2O |
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1-(4-氨基苯)-1,2,2-三苯乙烯 | 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)aniline | 919789-80-3 | C26H21N |
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1-(4-氨基苄基)咪唑 | 4-(1-imidazolylmethyl)aniline | 56643-85-7 | C10H11N3 |
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1-(4-氨基苄基)吡唑 | 4-((1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)aniline | 142335-61-3 | C10H11N3 |
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1-(4-氨基-3-羟基苯基)-乙酮(9ci) | 1-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one | 54903-54-7 | C8H9NO2 |
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1-(4-氨基-3-溴-苯基)-乙烯酮 | 1-(4-amino-3-bromophenyl)-ethanone | 56759-32-1 | C8H8BrNO |
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1-(4-氨基-3-氯苯基)-乙酮 | 1-(4-amino-3-chlorophenyl)ethan-1-one | 6953-83-9 | C8H8ClNO |
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1-(4-氟苯基氨基甲酰基)环丙烷羧酸 | ((4-fluorophenyl)carbamoyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | 849217-48-7 | C11H10FNO3 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)环戊烷腈 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopentane-1-carbonitrile | 83706-50-7 | C12H12FN |
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1-(4-氟苯基)环己烷甲腈 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexanecarbonitrile | 71486-43-6 | C13H14FN |
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1-(4-氟苯基)环丙腈 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1-carbonitrile | 97009-67-1 | C10H8FN |
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1-(4-氟苯基)咪唑基-2-硫 | p-fluorophenyl-1 mercapto-2 imidazole | 17452-07-2 | C9H7FN2S |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-环丙胺盐酸盐 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropanamine hydrochloride | 1134524-25-6 | C9H10FN*ClH |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-5-苯基-1H-吡唑 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole | 299162-83-7 | C15H11FN2 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-4-甲基戊-1,3-二酮 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,3-pentanedione | 114433-94-2 | C12H13FO2 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-4-[4-(5-氟嘧啶-2-基)哌嗪-1-基]丁烷-1-酮 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-[5-(fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butanone | 133982-66-8 | C18H20F2N4O |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-酮 | (E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-one | 22966-25-2 | C15H11FO |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-2-硝基乙烯 | 4-fluoro-β-nitrostyrene | 706-08-1 | C8H6FNO2 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-2-甲基丙烷-1-胺 | α-isopropyl-4-fluorobenzylamine | 863668-04-6 | C10H14FN |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-propen-1-one | 51594-59-3 | C9H7FO |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲腈 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile | 1015862-36-8 | C10H6FN3 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-1-甲基乙胺 | 2-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-amine | 17797-10-3 | C9H12FN |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-二氢异苯并呋喃-5-腈 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile | 64169-67-1 | C15H10FNO |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-1,3-丁二酮 | p-fluorobenzoylacetone | 29681-98-9 | C10H9FO2 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-1,2-二氢-4,6-二甲基-2-氧代-3-吡啶甲腈 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile | 24522-49-4 | C14H11FN2O |
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1-(4-异丙氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one | 4074-51-5 | C11H14O2 |
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1-(4-异丙基苯基)丙烷-1-酮 | p-isopropylpropiophenone | 27465-52-7 | C12H16O |
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1-(4-异丁氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(4-isobutoxyphenyl)ethanone | 24242-97-5 | C12H16O2 |
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1-(4-哌啶基)-1,2-二氢-4H-3,1-苯并恶嗪-2-酮盐酸盐 | 1-piperidin-4-yl-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one hydrochloride | 162045-31-0 | C13H16N2O2*ClH |
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1-(4-咪唑-1-基苯基)咪唑 | 1,4-bis-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene | 25372-07-0 | C12H10N4 |
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