有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-(2,6-二甲基-1,5-庚二烯基)-1,3-二噁戊环-4-甲醇 | Butacaine hydrochloride | 5892-15-9 | C18H31ClN2O2 |
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2-(2,6-二氯苯氧基)乙酰氯 | 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl chloride | 774-74-3 | C8H5Cl3O2 |
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2-(2,5-二甲氧基苯基)乙醛 | 2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde | 33567-62-3 | C10H12O3 |
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2-(2,5-二氯苯基)乙醇 | 2,5-dichloro-β-phenethyl alcohol | 1875-87-2 | C8H8Cl2O |
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2-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)乙基甲基富马酸酯 | diroximel fumarate | 1577222-14-0 | C11H13NO6 |
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2-(2,5-二氟苯基)吡咯烷盐酸盐 | 2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride | 1197238-95-1 | C10H11F2N*ClH |
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2-(2,5,8,11-四氧杂十二烷基)环氧乙烷 | 2-((2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)methyl)oxirane | 73692-54-3 | C10H20O5 |
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2-(2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-基)-5-甲基-5-(1-甲基丙基)-1,3-二噁杂烷 | 5-(Sec-butyl)-2-(2,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane | 117933-89-8 | C17H30O2 |
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2-(2,4-二特戊基苯氧基)丁酸 | 2-(2,4-di-tert-pentylphenoxy)butyric acid | 13403-01-5 | C20H32O3 |
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2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯胺 | 2,4-dichloro-1-(2-aminophenoxy)benzene | 26306-64-9 | C12H9Cl2NO |
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2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)-乙酸己酯 | n-hexyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate | 1917-95-9 | C14H18Cl2O3 |
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2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶 | 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine | 387827-64-7 | C12H6F5N |
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2-(2,4,5-三氯苯氧基)乙醇 | 2-(2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxy)-ethanol | 2122-77-2 | C8H7Cl3O2 |
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2-(2,4,5-三氯苯氧基)乙酸戊基酯 | (2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid pentyl ester | 120-39-8 | C13H15Cl3O3 |
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2-(2,3-二氯苯基)-2-胍亚胺基乙腈 | 2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-guanidinyliminoacetonitrile | 84689-20-3 | C9H7Cl2N5 |
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2-(2,3-二氯苯基)-2-羟基乙腈 | 2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyacetonitrile | 93842-97-8 | C8H5Cl2NO |
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2-(2,2-二苯基环丙基)-1H-咪唑 | 2-(2,2-diphenylcyclopropyl)-1H-imidazole | 85589-36-2 | C18H16N2 |
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2-(2,2-二苯基-2-丙-2-炔氧基乙酰基)氧乙基-二甲胺盐酸盐 | 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl diphenyl(prop-2-ynyloxy)acetate hydrochloride | 2765-97-1 | C21H23NO3*ClH |
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2-(2,2-二氟乙烯基)双环[2.2.1]庚烷 | 2-(2,2-Difluorovinyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane | 123455-94-7 | C9H12F2 |
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2-(2,2-二乙氧基乙氧基)-1,1-二乙氧基乙烷 | 2-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)-1,1-diethoxyethane | 56999-16-7 | C12H26O5 |
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2-(1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-1H-苯并咪唑 | 2,2'-bi-1H-benzimidazole | 6965-02-2 | C14H10N4 |
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2-(1H-苯并-2-咪唑基)-乙胺 | 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethylamine | 29518-68-1 | C9H11N3 |
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2-(1H-吲唑-3-基)乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(1H-indazol-3-yl)acetate | 131666-74-5 | C10H10N2O2 |
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2-(1H-吡唑-4-基)乙醇 | 2-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethanol | 180207-57-2 | C5H8N2O |
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2-(1H-吡唑-3-基)苯酚 | 2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol | 34810-67-8 | C9H8N2O |
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2-(1H-吡唑-3-基)吡啶 | 2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridine | 75415-03-1 | C8H7N3 |
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2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)乙醇 | 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanol | 6314-23-4 | C5H8N2O |
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2-(1H-吡咯-2-基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)propanoate | 55490-37-4 | C9H13NO2 |
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2-(1H-吡咯-1-基)-1-乙胺 | 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrole | 29709-35-1 | C6H10N2 |
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2-(1H-1,3-苯并咪唑-2-基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)acetate | 14741-71-0 | C11H12N2O2 |
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2-(11-甲基十二碳氧基)乙醇磷酸盐 | 2-(11-Methyldodecoxy)ethanol;phosphoric acid | 164383-17-9 | C15H35O6P |
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2-(1-金刚烷基)-2-丙醇 | 2-(1-adamantyl)-2-propanol | 775-64-4 | C13H22O |
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2-(1-萘基氨基)乙醇 | 2-(naphthalen-1-ylamino)ethanol | 2933-59-7 | C12H13NO |
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2-(1-苯基乙基)对二甲苯 | 1,4-dimethyl-2-(1-phenylethyl)benzene | 6165-51-1 | C16H18 |
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2-(1-苄基-4-羟基哌啶-4-基)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl (1-benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-piperidinyl) acetate | 67281-07-6 | C16H23NO3 |
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2-(1-羟乙基)苯并咪唑 | 1-benzimidazol-2-ylethanol | 19018-24-7 | C9H10N2O |
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2-(1-甲基肼基)-4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑氢溴化物 | 2-(N-methyl)hydrazino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole hydrobromide | 55959-80-3 | BrH*C4H10N4 |
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2-(1-甲基肼)- 嘧啶 | 1-methyl-1-pyrimidin-2-yl-hydrazine | 435337-82-9 | C5H8N4 |
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2-(1-甲基磺酰氧基环丙基)乙酸 | 2-(1'-mesyloxycyclopropyl)acetic acid | 832142-14-0 | C6H10O5S |
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2-(1-甲基环己基)对甲酚 | 4-methyl-2-(1-methylcyclohexyl)phenol | 16152-65-1 | C14H20O |
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2-(1-甲基吡咯烷基-3-基)乙烷-1-醇 | 1-Methyl-3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-pyrrolidin | 36763-96-9 | C7H15NO |
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2-(1-甲基乙基)-4-噻唑甲醇 | 4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-isopropylthiazole | 133047-45-7 | C7H11NOS |
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2-(1-环己烯基)环己酮 | 2-(1-cyclohexenyl)cyclohexanone | 1502-22-3 | C12H18O |
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2-(1-环己烯基)乙胺 | 2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethylamine | 3399-73-3 | C8H15N |
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2-(1-溴甲基环丙烷)乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(1-(bromomethyl)cyclopropyl)acetate | 855473-50-6 | C7H11BrO2 |
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2-(1-哌啶基)苯甲腈 | 2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzonitrile | 72752-52-4 | C12H14N2 |
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2-(1-哌啶基)苄胺盐酸盐 | 2-(1-Piperidyl)benzylamine Hydrochloride | 1427475-24-8 | C12H19ClN2 |
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2-(1-吡唑基)苯甲酸 | 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid | 55317-53-8 | C10H8N2O2 |
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2-(1-吡咯烷基)苯甲醛 | 2-pyrrolidin-1-ylbenzaldehyde | 58028-74-3 | C11H13NO |
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2-(1-吡咯烷基)吡啶-3-甲醛 | 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-nicotinaldehyde | 690632-39-4 | C10H12N2O |
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