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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Feist's acid 499-02-5 C6H6O4
    Feist's acid
    —— elaidylamine 1838-19-3 C18H37N
    elaidylamine
    —— potassium cholesteryl sulphate 6614-96-6 C27H45O4S*K
    potassium cholesteryl sulphate
    —— 4-aminobutyric acid 36551-16-3 BrH*C4H9NO2
    4-aminobutyric acid
    —— barium diethanolate 2914-19-4 C4H10BaO2
    barium diethanolate
    —— Aluminum N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine 15305-07-4 C18H15AlN6O6
    Aluminum N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine
    —— zirconium(IV) ethoxide 18267-08-8 C8H20O4Zr
    zirconium(IV) ethoxide
    —— bis(4-amino-3-benzoylphenyl) ether 59827-14-4 C26H20N2O3
    bis(4-amino-3-benzoylphenyl) ether
    —— (3aR,4R,7S,7aS)-octahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene 2825-83-4 C10H16
    (3aR,4R,7S,7aS)-octahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene
    —— (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-Octahydro-4,7-methano-indene 2825-82-3 C10H16
    (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-Octahydro-4,7-methano-indene
    —— (2R,3S)-2,3-bis(benzylamino)succinic acid 55645-40-4 C18H20N2O4
    (2R,3S)-2,3-bis(benzylamino)succinic acid
    —— methyl (2S)-3-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-propanoate 656801-27-3 C14H19BrN2O4
    methyl (2S)-3-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-propanoate
    —— Boc-glycine-benzylamide 19811-52-0 C14H20N2O3
    Boc-glycine-benzylamide
    —— racemic iron(II) tartrate 41014-96-4 C4H4O6*Fe
    racemic iron(II) tartrate
    —— methyl 2-[hydroxy(pyridin-3-yl)methyl]propenoate 87102-11-2 C10H11NO3
    methyl 2-[hydroxy(pyridin-3-yl)methyl]propenoate
    —— 2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 83834-59-7 C18H26O3
    2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate
    —— (R)-piperidine-3-amine dibenzoyl-D-tartrate 1352756-66-1 C5H12N2*C18H14O8
    (R)-piperidine-3-amine dibenzoyl-D-tartrate
    —— (7-carboxyheptyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide 52956-93-1 Br*C26H30O2P
    (7-carboxyheptyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide
    —— (S)-1'-(tert-butyl)-2'-oxo-1',2',5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,3'-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine]-3-carboxylic acid 1455358-16-3 C19H19N3O3
    (S)-1'-(tert-butyl)-2'-oxo-1',2',5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,3'-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine]-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 4(S)-(4-acetyloxyphenyl)-3(R)-(3(S)-acetyloxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-azetidinone 163380-20-9 C28H25F2NO5
    4(S)-(4-acetyloxyphenyl)-3(R)-(3(S)-acetyloxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-azetidinone
    —— (4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-ylmethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride 212248-62-9 C9H11N5*ClH
    (4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-ylmethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride
    —— 5-bromo-2-(methoxymethoxy)benzyl acetate 1153673-77-8 C11H13BrO4
    5-bromo-2-(methoxymethoxy)benzyl acetate
    —— sodium 2-fluorobenzoate 490-97-1 C7H4FO2*Na
    sodium 2-fluorobenzoate
    —— 3-methoxycyclobutan-1-amine hydrochloride 1408074-54-3 C5H11NO*ClH
    3-methoxycyclobutan-1-amine hydrochloride
    —— sodium 4-fluorobenzoate 499-90-1 C7H4FO2*Na
    sodium 4-fluorobenzoate
    —— 4-chloro-3-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine 144729-44-2 C6H6ClN3O2
    4-chloro-3-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine
    —— tannic acid 1401-55-4 C76H52O46
    tannic acid
    —— diethyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)malonate 39541-69-0 C12H15NO4
    diethyl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)malonate
    —— 1,3-bis(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-one 54523-47-6 C15H12Br2O
    1,3-bis(4-bromophenyl)propan-2-one
    —— (1R,5S)-ethyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate 184838-77-5 C8H10O4
    (1R,5S)-ethyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate
    —— pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-bromoisobutyrate) 243991-62-0 C21H32Br4O8
    pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-bromoisobutyrate)
    —— 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 74684-38-1 C16H24O2
    3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— bis(acetylacetonato)manganese(II) 14024-58-9 C10H14MnO4
    bis(acetylacetonato)manganese(II)
    —— Phthalic acid, sodium salt 10197-71-4 C8H6NaO4+
    Phthalic acid, sodium salt
    —— Bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphite 3663-52-3 C6H18O3PSi2-
    Bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphite
    —— sodium benzotriazolate 15217-42-2 C6H4N3*Na
    sodium benzotriazolate
    —— hexanoic acid 1-methylheptyl ester 29803-24-5 C14H28O2
    hexanoic acid 1-methylheptyl ester
    —— stearyl dimethylamine hydrochloride 1613-17-8 C20H44N*Cl
    stearyl dimethylamine hydrochloride
    —— phenethyldiphenylphosphine oxide 3582-84-1 C20H19OP
    phenethyldiphenylphosphine oxide
    —— 2-bromoethyl thioacetate 927-70-8 C4H7BrOS
    2-bromoethyl thioacetate
    —— 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)diazenyl]benzoic acid 635-54-1 C14H10N2O4
    2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)diazenyl]benzoic acid
    —— (6-((diethylamino)methyl)naphthalen-2-yl)methanol 1429441-33-7 C16H21NO
    (6-((diethylamino)methyl)naphthalen-2-yl)methanol
    —— 5-(naphthalen-1-yl)oxazole 91804-15-8 C13H9NO
    5-(naphthalen-1-yl)oxazole
    —— 10-hydroxydecyl methacrylate 56927-66-3 C14H26O3
    10-hydroxydecyl methacrylate
    —— Pd(dippf)Cl<sub>2</sub> 215788-65-1 C22H36Cl2FeP2Pd
    Pd(dippf)Cl<sub>2</sub>
    —— acetylene dicarboxylic acid mono potassium salt 928-04-1 C4HO4*K
    acetylene dicarboxylic acid mono potassium salt
    —— sodium m-nitrobenzoate 827-95-2 C7H4NO4*Na
    sodium m-nitrobenzoate
    —— 5-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-amine 935873-39-5 C8H9N3
    5-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-amine
    —— Trifluoroacetate sodium 2923-18-4 C2HF3NaO2+
    Trifluoroacetate sodium
    —— methyl 2-methyl-3-oxo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate 51985-95-6 C6H8N2O3
    methyl 2-methyl-3-oxo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate