有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-[4-氯-2-(3-甲基吡唑-1-基)苯基]-2,2,2-三氟乙酮 | 1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone | 1125828-30-9 | C12H8ClF3N2O |
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1-[4-氨基-3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙酮 | 4'-amino-3'-chloro-5'-trifluoromethyl-acetophenone | 97760-76-4 | C9H7ClF3NO |
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1-[4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基]-环丙胺 | 1-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)cyclopropan-1-amine | 1038389-00-2 | C10H13NO2S |
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1-[4-(氯甲基)苯基]-1H-吡唑 | 1-(4-(chloromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole | 143426-52-2 | C10H9ClN2 |
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1-[4-(氮杂啶-1-甲基)苯基]甲胺 | (4-(Azetidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl)methanamine | 926225-09-4 | C11H16N2 |
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1-[4-(戊基氧基)苯基]乙酮 | 4-pentyloxyacetophenone | 5467-56-1 | C13H18O2 |
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1-[4-(二苯基氨基)苯基]乙酮 | 1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethanone | 1756-32-7 | C20H17NO |
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1-[4-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]乙酮 | 1-(4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)ethanone | 83882-67-1 | C9H8F2O2 |
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1-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]环丙烷-1-羧酸 | 1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | 936727-93-4 | C11H9F3O3 |
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1-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙醇 | 1-(4-trifluorophenyl)ethanol | 1737-26-4 | C9H9F3O |
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1-[4-(4-氯苯基)-2-氯正丁基]咪唑 | 1-(2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)butyl)-1H-imidazole | 67085-12-5 | C13H14Cl2N2 |
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1-[4-(3-溴丙氧基)-3-甲氧基苯基]乙酮 | 1-[4-(3-bromopropoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]ethanone | 3245-49-6 | C12H15BrO3 |
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1-[4-(2-甲基苯甲酰胺基)苯甲酰基]-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1H-1-苯并氮杂卓 | 2-methyl-4'-[(5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]benzanilide | 137976-61-5 | C25H22N2O3 |
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1-[4-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基)-1-哌啶基]-1-乙酮 | 1-acetyl-4-(2,4-difluorobenzoyl)piperidine | 84162-82-3 | C14H15F2NO2 |
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1-[4-(2,2-二氯环丙基)苯基]-1-乙酮 | 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropane | 40641-93-8 | C11H10Cl2O |
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1-[3-溴-5-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙酮 | 1-[3-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanone | 154259-25-3 | C9H6BrF3O |
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1-[3-(二氟甲氧基)苯基]乙酮 | 1-(3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)ethan-1-one | 101975-23-9 | C9H8F2O2 |
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1-[3-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]乙胺 | 1-[3-(trifluoromethyloxy)-phenyl]-ethyl-amine | 477312-25-7 | C9H10F3NO |
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1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲磺酰胺 | (3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide | 919353-96-1 | C8H8F3NO2S |
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1-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-1-丙醇 | 1-<3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl>propan-1-ol | 618-97-3 | C10H11F3O |
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1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]-2,5-二甲基-1H-吡咯,9 | 1-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,5-dimethylpyrrole | 175205-51-3 | C14H11F6N |
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1-[2-羟基-4-(羟甲基)苯基]乙酮 | 1-[2-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]ethan-1-one | 22518-00-9 | C9H10O3 |
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1-[2-羟基-4,6-双(甲氧基甲氧基)苯基]乙酮,2',4'-双(甲氧基甲氧基)-6'-羟基苯乙酮 | 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-bis(methoxymethoxy)acetophenone | 65490-09-7 | C12H16O6 |
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1-[2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)苯基]肼 | [2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazine | 1869-22-3 | C7H6ClF3N2 |
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1-[2-氟-6-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲胺 | 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine hydrochloride | 643088-07-7 | C8H7F4N*ClH |
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1-[2-[乙基-(3-甲基苯基)氨基]乙基]吡咯烷-2,5-二酮 | N-Ethyl-N-β-succinimidoethyl-m-toluidin | 2498-03-5 | C15H20N2O2 |
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1-[2-[[4-[[2,6-二氯-4-[(二甲氨基)磺酰基]苯基]偶氮]苯基]乙胺基]乙基]吡啶氯化盐 | 1-[2-[[4-[[2,6-Dichloro-4-[(dimethylamino)sulphonyl]phenyl]azo]phenyl]ethylamino]ethyl]pyridinium chloride | 10189-42-1 | C23H26Cl3N5O2S |
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1-[2-[(2S)-2-羟基-3-丙基氨基丙氧基]苯基]-3-苯基丙烷-1-酮 | (S)-propafenone | 107381-32-8 | C21H27NO3 |
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1-[2-[(2R)-2-羟基-3-丙基氨基丙氧基]苯基]-3-苯基丙烷-1-酮 | (R)-propafenone | 107381-31-7 | C21H27NO3 |
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1-[2-[(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙基]吡咯烷 | 1-(2-((2-Aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)pyrrolidine | 6258-05-5 | C7H12NO3PolS |
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1-[2-(羟基甲基)-1-吡咯烷]乙酮 | N-acetylprolinol | 27822-68-0 | C7H13NO2 |
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1-[2-(二叔丁基膦)苯基]-3,5-二苯基-1H-吡唑 | 1-(2-di-tert-butylphosphinophenyl)-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole | 628333-86-8 | C29H33N2P |
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1-[2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙炔基]环丙烷羧酸 | 1-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | 1268810-07-6 | C9H14O2Si |
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1-[2-(3-溴苯氧基)乙基]-吡咯烷 | 1-[2-(3-bromophenoxy)ethyl]pyrrolidine | 23136-18-7 | C12H16BrNO |
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1-[2-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-乙基]-吡咯-2,5-二酮 | N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-maleimide | 37597-19-6 | C14H15NO4 |
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1-[2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基]哌啶 | 2-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-ethanol | 3603-43-8 | C9H19NO2 |
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1-[2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基]吡咯-2,5-二酮 | 1-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione | 34321-81-8 | C8H11NO4 |
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1-[1-氧代-4-(1-吡咯烷基)丁基]吡咯烷 | 1-(4-pyrrolidino-butyryl)-pyrrolidine | 5882-03-1 | C12H22N2O |
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1-[(苄氧基)羰基]吲哚啉-2-羧酸 | 1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-2-indolinecarboxylic acid | 117483-89-3 | C17H15NO4 |
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1-[(氨基氧基)甲基]-4-氟苯盐酸盐 | O-(4-fluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride | 51572-89-5 | C7H8FNO*ClH |
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1-[(氨基氧基)甲基]-2,4-二氯苯盐酸盐 | O-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride | 51572-93-1 | C7H7Cl2NO*ClH |
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1-[(叔丁基)氧基羰基]-3-苄基哌啶-3-羧酸 | N-Boc-3-benzylnipecotic acid | 170838-83-2 | C18H25NO4 |
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1-[(二甲基氨基)甲基]咪唑 | 1-((N,N-dimethylamino)methyl)imidazole | 23230-39-9 | C6H11N3 |
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1-[(二甲基氨基)(苯基)甲基]-2-萘酚 | 1-((dimethylamino)(phenyl)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol | 39487-54-2 | C19H19NO |
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1-[(三甲基硅基)乙炔基]环己烯 | (cyclohex-1-en-1-ylethynyl)trimethylsilane | 17988-44-2 | C11H18Si |
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1-[(三甲基硅基)乙炔基]-3-氟苯 | ((3-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)trimethylsilane | 40230-96-4 | C11H13FSi |
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1-[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]-3-吡咯烷羧酸 | Fmoc-β-ProOH | 193693-66-2 | C20H19NO4 |
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1-[(4-硝基苯)甲基]吡唑 | 1-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-pyrazole | 110525-57-0 | C10H9N3O2 |
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1-[(4-溴苯基)磺酰基]-4-甲基哌嗪 | 1-((4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-methyl-1,4-diazepane | 486422-31-5 | C12H17BrN2O2S |
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1-[(3S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-3,17-二羟基-10,13-二甲基-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-十二氢环戊烯并[a]菲-17-基]-2-羟基乙烷酮 | 3β,17α,21-Trihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one | 1167-48-2 | C21H32O4 |
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