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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料

    有机原料

    有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工，粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业，煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国，早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物，以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。

    基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有：氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类（如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃）、芳香烃类（如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯）等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中，可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料；通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料；适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料；从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃；通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化，可以制得合成气；由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外，还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。

    有机原料的应用范围广泛，主要可分为三个方面：一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料，即聚合反应单体；二是用于其他有机化学工业，包括精细化工产品的原料；三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础，在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(4-Fluorophenyl)methoxy]ammonium chloride 51572-89-5 C7H9ClFNO
    [(4-Fluorophenyl)methoxy]ammonium chloride
    —— Cobalt(2+); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-oxo-2-penten-2-olate 19648-83-0 C10H2CoF12O4
    Cobalt(2+); 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-4-oxo-2-penten-2-olate
    —— Zinc cyclohexanebutyrate dihydrate 38582-18-2 C20H38O6Zn
    Zinc cyclohexanebutyrate dihydrate
    —— 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium 258278-25-0 C27H39N2+
    1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium
    —— Phenolphthalein disulfate tripotassium salt trihydrate 62625-16-5 C20H19K3O14S2
    Phenolphthalein disulfate tripotassium salt trihydrate
    —— Cycloocta-1,5-diene;iridium;methyl(diphenyl)phosphane;hexafluorophosphate 38465-86-0 C34H38F6IrP3-
    Cycloocta-1,5-diene;iridium;methyl(diphenyl)phosphane;hexafluorophosphate
    —— Dilithium;2,11,20,29,37,39-hexaza-38,40-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19(39),20,22,24,26,28,30(37),31,33,35-nonadecaene 25510-41-2 C32H16Li2N8
    Dilithium;2,11,20,29,37,39-hexaza-38,40-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19(39),20,22,24,26,28,30(37),31,33,35-nonadecaene
    —— 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine cobalt(II) 28903-71-1 C48H36CoN4O4
    5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine cobalt(II)
    —— Cycloocta-1,5-diene; iridium; tetrafluoroborate 35138-23-9 C16H24BF4Ir-
    Cycloocta-1,5-diene; iridium; tetrafluoroborate
    —— (2-Methoxyphenyl)({2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphanyl]ethyl})phenylphosphane 1,5-cyclooctadiene rhodium tetrafluoroborate 56977-92-5 C36H40BF4O2P2Rh-
    (2-Methoxyphenyl)({2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphanyl]ethyl})phenylphosphane 1,5-cyclooctadiene rhodium tetrafluoroborate
    —— Pentakis(butan-1-ol) tantalum 51094-78-1 C20H50O5Ta
    Pentakis(butan-1-ol) tantalum
    —— 2-methylpropan-2-ol;zirconium 2081-12-1 C16H40O4Zr
    2-methylpropan-2-ol;zirconium
    —— (7R)-10,10-dimethyl-3lambda6-thia-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]decane 3,3-dioxide 94594-90-8 C10H17NO2S
    (7R)-10,10-dimethyl-3lambda6-thia-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]decane 3,3-dioxide
    —— Inosine-5'-diphosphate trisodium salt 81012-88-6 C10H11N4Na3O11P2
    Inosine-5'-diphosphate trisodium salt
    —— Einecs 261-892-7 59733-73-2 C20H24Fe2Na4O14+4
    Einecs 261-892-7
    —— (OC-6-11)-Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-I masculineO3,I masculineO5)gadolinium 14768-15-1 C33H57GdO6
    (OC-6-11)-Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-I masculineO3,I masculineO5)gadolinium
    —— Lithium acetate dihydrate 6108-17-4 C2H7LiO4
    Lithium acetate dihydrate
    —— [5-(4-Chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]methanaminium 39170-14-4 C11H11ClNO+
    [5-(4-Chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]methanaminium
    —— [(1R,2R)-2-azanidyl-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(2+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene 1026995-71-0 C30H27ClF5N2O2RuS
    [(1R,2R)-2-azanidyl-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(2+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene
    —— Cyclopentane;nickel 1271-28-9 C10H20Ni
    Cyclopentane;nickel
    —— 2-[1,2-Bis(2-aminooxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-(carboxymethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid;hydrate 87095-89-4 C14H24N2O9
    2-[1,2-Bis(2-aminooxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-(carboxymethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid;hydrate
    —— Inosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt 54735-61-4 C10H12N4Na2O11P2
    Inosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt
    —— Yttrium trifluoroacetate hydrate 304851-95-4 C6H2F9O7Y
    Yttrium trifluoroacetate hydrate
    —— 2-Methyl-4-(2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)butanal 65405-84-7 C14H26O
    2-Methyl-4-(2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)butanal
    —— 1-{[Carboxy(oxidanidyl)methylidene]amino}-4-methylbenzene 42868-89-3 C9H8NO3-
    1-{[Carboxy(oxidanidyl)methylidene]amino}-4-methylbenzene
    —— N-[4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]furan-2-carboxamide 5674-01-1 C22H18N2O4S
    N-[4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]furan-2-carboxamide
    —— 3-(3,5-dibromophenyl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole 1345021-52-4 C24H15Br2N
    3-(3,5-dibromophenyl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole
    —— 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)ethan-1-aminium 50800-92-5 C9H14NO2+
    2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)ethan-1-aminium
    —— (Diethoxyphosphoryl)methanaminium 117196-73-3 C5H15NO3P+
    (Diethoxyphosphoryl)methanaminium
    —— 2-Hydrazin-5-cyanpyrimidin 38373-51-2 C5H5N5
    2-Hydrazin-5-cyanpyrimidin
    —— 2-[(2R)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2'-indole]-1'-yl]ethanol 16111-07-2 C20H20N2O4
    2-[(2R)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2'-indole]-1'-yl]ethanol
    —— 2-[(2S)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2'-indole]-1'-yl]ethanol 16111-07-2 C20H20N2O4
    2-[(2S)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro[chromene-2,2'-indole]-1'-yl]ethanol
    —— 1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one 117573-89-4 C20H19N3O3
    1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one
    —— (4-Amino-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile 61437-85-2 C15H12Cl2N2
    (4-Amino-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile
    —— (6r,s)-5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate 7444-29-3 C20H21N7O6
    (6r,s)-5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate
    —— Phthalocyanine tin(IV) dichloride 18253-54-8 C32H18Cl2N8Sn
    Phthalocyanine tin(IV) dichloride
    —— Ethyl 2-acetamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate 198152-46-4 C13H16N2O5
    Ethyl 2-acetamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;ytterbium 15492-52-1 C33H60O6Yb
    5-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one;ytterbium
    —— Molybdenum(II) acetate dimer 14221-06-8 C8H16Mo2O8
    Molybdenum(II) acetate dimer
    —— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxovanadium 3153-26-2 C10H16O5V
    4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;oxovanadium
    —— cobalt;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;(E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 21679-46-9 C15H24CoO6
    cobalt;(Z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;(E)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium 15635-87-7 C15H24IrO6
    4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium
    —— Europium;5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one 15522-71-1 C33H60EuO6
    Europium;5-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylhept-4-en-3-one
    —— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;platinum 15170-57-7 C10H16O4Pt
    4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;platinum
    —— Chromium;5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one 14592-89-3 C15H15CrF9O6
    Chromium;5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one
    —— Copper(II)trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionate 14324-82-4 C10H10CuF6O4
    Copper(II)trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionate
    —— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese 14024-58-9 C10H16MnO4
    4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese
    —— Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) Cu(II) 14040-05-2 C22H40CuO4
    Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) Cu(II)
    —— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese 14284-89-0 C15H24MnO6
    4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;manganese
    —— 4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;rhodium 14284-92-5 C15H24O6Rh
    4-Hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;rhodium