有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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1-(2,5-二氯-3,6-二甲基苯基)乙酮 | 2,5-dimethyl-3,6-dichloroacetophenone | 164165-77-9 | C10H10Cl2O |
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1-(2,4-双(苄氧基)苯基)乙酮 | 2,4-bis(benzyloxy)acetophenone | 22877-01-6 | C22H20O3 |
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1-(2,4-二羟基苯基)戊-1-酮 | 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) pentan-1-one | 15116-13-9 | C11H14O3 |
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1-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone | 487-49-0 | C15H14O4 |
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1-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酮 | 4-trifluoroacetylresorcinol | 315-44-6 | C8H5F3O3 |
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1-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-吡咯-2,5-二酮 | 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione | 1080-52-0 | C12H11NO2 |
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1-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)-2-丙醇 | 1-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)-propan-2-ol | 5330-18-7 | C9H10Cl2O2 |
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1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4,4,4-三氟丁烷-1,3-二酮 | 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione | 94856-22-1 | C10H5Cl2F3O2 |
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1-(2,4-二氯嘧啶-5-基)乙酮 | 1-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)ethan-1-one | 871254-62-5 | C6H4Cl2N2O |
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1-(2,4-二氯l苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-噻唑-1-基)-乙酮 | 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanone | 58905-16-1 | C10H7Cl2N3O |
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1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-乙胺 | 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)ethan-1-amine | 603951-43-5 | C8H9F2N |
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1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-n-甲基甲胺 | 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-methylmethanamine | 696589-32-9 | C8H9F2N |
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1-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)-3-(间氨基苯甲酰胺基)-5-吡唑酮 | 3-(3''-aminobenzoylamino)-1-(2',4',6'-trichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-5(1H)-one | 40567-18-8 | C16H11Cl3N4O2 |
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1-(2,4,6-三异丙基苯磺酰)-1,2,4-三唑 | 1-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole | 54230-60-3 | C17H25N3O2S |
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1-(2,3-二氢-1,1,5,6-四甲基-1H-茚-4-基)乙烷-1-酮 | 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,5,6-tetramethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)ethan-1-one | 6682-59-3 | C15H20O |
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1-(2,3-二氟-5-硝基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(2,3-difluoro-5-nitro-phenyl)-ethanone | 1310349-62-2 | C8H5F2NO3 |
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1-(2,3,4-三羟基苯基)乙酮 | 2-hydroxy-3',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone | 29477-54-1 | C8H8O4 |
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1-(2,2-二氟-苯并[1,3]二氧代l-5-基)-环丙烷羧酸 | 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid | 862574-88-7 | C11H8F2O4 |
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1-(2,2,2-三氟乙酰基)-4-哌啶羧酸 | 1-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid | 126501-70-0 | C8H10F3NO3 |
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1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)哌嗪 | 1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperazine | 13349-90-1 | C6H11F3N2 |
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1-(1-金刚烷基)丁烷-1,3-二酮 | 1-(1-adamantyl)butane-1,3-dione | 82094-52-8 | C14H20O2 |
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1-(1-金刚烷)甲胺盐酸盐 | 1-adamantylmethylamine hydrochloride | 1501-98-0 | C11H20N*Cl |
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1-(1-苄基哌啶-3-基)-2,2,2-三氟乙酮 | 1-(1-Benzylpiperidin-3-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone | 1182349-49-0 | C14H16F3NO |
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1-(1-羟基环己基)过氧环己烷-1-醇 | 1,1'-dihydroxycyclohexyl peroxide | 2407-94-5 | C12H22O4 |
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1-(1-甲基吡唑)乙酮 | 1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethanone | 37687-18-6 | C6H8N2O |
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1-(1-甲基-2-丙氧基乙氧基)-2-丙醇 | dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether | 29911-27-1 | C9H20O3 |
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1-(1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)甲胺 | 2-(1'-aminoethyl)benzimidazole | 135875-04-6 | C9H11N3 |
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1-(1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)乙酮 | 2-acetyl-1-methylbenzimidazole | 942-25-6 | C10H10N2O |
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1-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑)-乙胺 | 1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethan-1-amine | 911788-33-5 | C6H11N3 |
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1-(1-氯乙基)-2,3-二甲苯 | 1-(1-chloroethyl)-2,3-dimethylbenzene | 60907-88-2 | C10H13Cl |
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1-(1-四氯苯基)-3-甲基-1-丁胺 | didesmethylsibutramine | 84467-54-9 | C15H22ClN |
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1-(1-吡唑甲基)吡唑 | 1,1'-dipyrazolylmethane | 27258-04-4 | C7H8N4 |
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1-(1-吡咯烷)环戊烯 | 1-pyrrolidinocyclopent-1-ene | 7148-07-4 | C9H15N |
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1-(1-乙氧基乙基)-4-碘吡唑 | 1-(1-ethoxyethyl)-4-iodo-1H-pyrazole | 575452-22-1 | C7H11IN2O |
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1-(1,3-苯并二氧代-5-基)-4,4,4-三氟-1,3-丁二酮 | 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1,3-butanedione | 306935-39-7 | C11H7F3O4 |
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1-(1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)乙酮 | 1-(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethan-1-one | 52773-23-6 | C7H10N2O |
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1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氢-2,3,8,8-四甲基-2-萘基)乙酮 | iso-E super | 54464-57-2 | C16H26O |
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1-(1,1-二甲基庚基)-3,5-二甲氧基苯 | 1-(1',1'-dimethylheptyl)-3,5-dimethoxybenzene | 60526-81-0 | C17H28O2 |
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1-(1,1-二氟乙基)-2-氟苯 | 1-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-2-fluorobenzene | 1138445-14-3 | C8H7F3 |
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1-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)丙烷 | 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl propyl ether | 380-48-3 | C5H8F4O |
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1-((氰基-1-甲基乙基)偶氮)甲酰胺 | 2-(1-Cyano-1-methylethyl)azocarboxamide | 10288-28-5 | C5H8N4O |
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1-((喹啉-8-基)甲基)肼 | 8-(Hydrazinylmethyl)quinoline | 64821-23-4 | C10H11N3 |
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1-((喹啉-3-基)甲基)肼 | 3-(Hydrazinylmethyl)quinoline | 887593-60-4 | C10H11N3 |
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1-((2R,3R,4S)-3,4-二羟基-5-亚甲基四氢呋喃-2-基)嘧啶-2,4(1H,3H | 5'-deoxyuridin-4'-ene | 14365-63-0 | C9H10N2O5 |
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1,9-癸二烯 | 1,10-decadiene | 1647-16-1 | C10H18 |
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1,9-壬二胺 | 1.9-diaminononane | 646-24-2 | C9H22N2 |
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1,9-双(丙烯酰氧基)壬烷(含稳定剂甲氧基氢醌) | 1,9-bis(acryloyloxy)nonane | 107481-28-7 | C15H24O4 |
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1,8-辛二胺 | 1,8-diaminooctan | 373-44-4 | C8H20N2 |
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1,8-萘啶-2(8h)-酮 | 1,8-naphthyridine-2(1H)-one | 15936-09-1 | C8H6N2O |
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1,8-萘二甲酸酐 | 1,8-Naphthalic anhydride | 81-84-5 | C12H6O3 |
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