有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(3-氨基苯基)-环丙基甲酮 | (3-aminophenyl)(cyclopropyl)methanone | 162174-75-6 | C10H11NO |
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(3-氨基-4-硝基苯基)甲醇 | 3-amino-4-nitrobenzyl alcohol | 37637-55-1 | C7H8N2O3 |
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(3-氨基-4-溴苯基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3-amino-4-bromophenyl)carbamate | 885270-70-2 | C11H15BrN2O2 |
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(3-氨基-2-甲基丙基)二甲基胺 | N<sup>1</sup>,N<sup>1</sup>,2-trimethylpropane-1,3-diamine | 6105-72-2 | C6H16N2 |
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(3-氨基-1H-吡唑-5-基)甲醇 | (3-amino-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol | 1000895-26-0 | C4H7N3O |
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(3-氧代-2,3-二氢-4H-1,4-苯并恶嗪)-4-乙酸 | 2-(3-oxo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4(3H)-yl)acetic acid | 26494-55-3 | C10H9NO4 |
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(3-氟苯基)肼盐酸盐(1:1) | 3-Fluorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride | 2924-16-5 | C6H7FN2*ClH |
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(3-氟-苯甲酰基氨基)-乙酸 | <i>N</i>-(3-fluoro-benzoyl)-glycine | 366-47-2 | C9H8FNO3 |
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(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-62-0 | C7H6BF4KO |
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(3-氟-2-甲酰基苯基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3-fluoro-2-formylphenyl)carbamate | 1086392-03-1 | C12H14FNO3 |
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(3-异硫氰酸基苯基)甲醇 | (3-isothiocyanatophenyl)methanol | 179549-74-7 | C8H7NOS |
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(3-吡咯)-4-丁酸 | 1H-pyrrole-3-butyric acid | 30000-61-4 | C8H11NO2 |
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(3-乙酰氧基-2-羟基丙基)乙酸酯 | 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate | 105-70-4 | C7H12O5 |
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(3-乙酰基苯氧基)乙酸 | 2-(3-acetylphenoxy)acetic acid | 1878-80-4 | C10H10O4 |
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(3-乙氧基丙基)苯 | hydrocinnamyl ethyl ether | 5848-56-6 | C11H16O |
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(3-丙羧基)三苯基溴化膦 | (3-carboxypropyl)(triphenyl)phosphonium bromide | 17857-14-6 | Br*C22H22O2P |
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(3-丙烯酰胺丙基)三甲基氯化铵 | (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride | 45021-77-0 | C9H19N2O*Cl |
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(3-(氯甲基)氧杂环丁烷-3-基)甲醇 | 3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-chloromethyl oxetane | 4351-77-3 | C5H9ClO2 |
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(3-(1H-吡唑-3-基)苯基)甲醇 | 3-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzenemethanol | 197093-23-5 | C10H10N2O |
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(3,6-二氧代-1,4-环己二烯-1-基)甲基3-甲基丁酸酯 | blattellaquinone | 849762-24-9 | C12H14O4 |
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(3,6-二氟-2-甲氧基苯基)硼酸 | (3,6-difluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid | 919355-30-9 | C7H7BF2O3 |
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(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯乙炔基)三甲基硅烷 | ((3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethynyl)trimethylsilane | 618092-28-7 | C13H12F6Si |
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(3,5-二苯基-1H-吡唑-1-基)乙酸 | 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid | 93323-67-2 | C17H14N2O2 |
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(3,5-二硝基-2-甲基苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (3,5-dinitro-2-methylphenyl)trifluoroborate | 850623-72-2 | C7H5BF3KN2O4 |
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(3,5-二甲基异恶唑-4-基)乙酸 | 2-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)acetic acid | 2510-27-2 | C7H9NO3 |
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(3,5-二甲基吡唑-1-基)乙酸 | 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid | 16034-49-4 | C7H10N2O2 |
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(3,5-二甲基-[1,2,4]噻唑-1-基)-乙酸 | (3,5-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-acetic acid | 684249-99-8 | C6H9N3O2 |
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(3,5-二甲基-1-苯基-1H-吡唑-4-基)乙酸 | 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazol-4-ylacetic acid | 32710-88-6 | C13H14N2O2 |
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(3,5-二溴苄基)磷酸二乙酯 | diethyl 3,5-dibromobenzylphosphonate | 363622-48-4 | C11H15Br2O3P |
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(3,5-二氟苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium 3,5-difluorophenyl-trifluoroborate | 267006-26-8 | C6H3BF5*K |
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(3,5-二氟苯基)(羟基)乙腈 | 3,5-difluoromandelonitrile | 132741-32-3 | C8H5F2NO |
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(3,5-二氟苯乙炔基)三甲基硅烷 | (3,5-Difluorophenyl)(trimethylsilyl)acetylene | 445491-09-8 | C11H12F2Si |
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(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲醇 | (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl)methanol | 93629-17-5 | C16H26O2 |
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(3,5,6-三甲基吡嗪-2-基)甲醇 | 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine | 75907-74-3 | C8H12N2O |
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(3,5,5-三甲基环己-2-烯亚基)丙二腈 | 3-dicyanomethylidene-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene | 23051-44-7 | C12H14N2 |
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(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)(4-氟苯基)甲酮 | (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)methanone | 71186-85-1 | C15H13FO3 |
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(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)三苯基溴化膦 | (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide | 70219-09-9 | Br*C27H26O2P |
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(3,4-二氯苯基)三氟硼酸钾 | potassium m, p-dichloro phenyltrifluoroborate | 850623-68-6 | C6H3BCl2F3*K |
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(3,4-二氨基苯)(4-氟苯)甲酮 | (3,4-diaminophenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)ketone | 66938-86-1 | C13H11FN2O |
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(3,4-二氢-2H-1-苯并噻喃-4-基)氯化铵 | thiochroman-4-ylamine; hydrochloride | 15857-70-2 | C9H11NS*ClH |
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(3,3-二甲基-1-丁炔)六羰基二钴 | CCTBA | 56792-69-9 | C12H10Co2O6 |
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(3,3-二氟环丁基)甲醇 | (3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)methanol | 681128-39-2 | C5H8F2O |
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(3,3-二氟环丁基)甲基胺 | (3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)methanamine | 1159882-59-3 | C5H9F2N |
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(3,3-二乙氧基丙基)苯 | (3,3-diethoxypropyl)benzene | 6956-37-2 | C13H20O2 |
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(3,3,3-三氟丙基)苯 | (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)benzene | 1579-80-2 | C9H9F3 |
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(2s,4r)-4-氟脯氨酸甲酯 | methyl (2S,4R)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxylate hydrochloride | 58281-80-4 | C6H10FNO2*ClH |
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(2s)-1-[[(叔丁氧基)羰基]氮杂环庚烷-2-羧酸 | (2S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-azepanecarboxylic acid | 155905-76-3 | C12H21NO4 |
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(2a,3a,5a,16b,17b)-2,3-环氧-16-(1-吡咯烷基)雄甾烷-17-醇 | 2α,3α-epoxy-16β-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-5α-androstane-17β-ol | 119302-19-1 | C23H37NO2 |
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(2S-顺式)-3-(乙酰氧基)-2,3-二氢-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-[2-(甲基氨基)乙基]-1,5-苯并硫氮杂卓-4(5H)-酮单盐酸盐 | N-Demethyldiltiazem hydrochloride | 130606-60-9 | C21H25ClN2O4S |
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(2S-顺式)-3,3-二甲基-7-氧代-4-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-2-羧酸 | penicillanic acid | 87-53-6 | C8H11NO3S |
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